Breeding in bread-making wheat varieties for Mediterranean climate: the need to get resilient varieties.

Introduction: Being one of the "big three" most cultivated cereals in the world, wheat plays a crucial role in ensuring global food/nutrition security, supplying close to 20% of the global needs for calories and proteins. However, the increasingly large fluctuations between years in temperatures and precipitation due to climate change cause important variations in wheat production worldwide. This fact makes wheat breeding programs a tool that, far from going out of fashion, is becoming the most important solution to develop varieties that can provide humanity with the sufficient amount of food it demands without forgetting the objective of quality.

2023 UPDATE: Luso-Brazilian evidence-based guideline for the management of antidiabetic therapy in type 2 diabetes.

Background: The management of antidiabetic therapy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has evolved beyond glycemic control. In this context, Brazil and Portugal defined a joint panel of four leading diabetes societies to update the guideline published in 2020.

Methods: The panelists searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) for the best evidence from clinical studies on treating T2D and its cardiorenal complications.

Evaluation of Usage of a Fracture Risk Assessment by FRAX Tool in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Fragility fractures are increasingly recognized as a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The FRAX-Port® is a calculation tool that assesses the 10-year risk of either major and hip fracture, integrating several clinical risk factors, including T2DM. We aimed to evaluate the fracture risk in adults with T2DM and determine the rate of patients at high risk for fracture under anti-osteoporotic therapy.

Bone mineral density progression following long-term simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in type-1 diabetes.

Introduction: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) has demonstrated favorable impact on the progression of chronic complications in type-1 diabetes (T1D) and terminal chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, some CKD mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) may persist, even after transplantation. There are only a few studies addressing the long-term progression of bone mineral density (BMD) in these patients.

The influence of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation on the evolution of diabetic foot lesions and peripheral arterial disease.

Purpose: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) remains the best treatment option in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney failure. There are only a few studies addressing the potential ischemic deterioration of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) due to blood diverting from the iliac artery to the kidney graft. We aimed to evaluate diabetic foot lesions and PAD evolution in SPKT recipients and investigate if they are more frequent in ipsilateral lower limb of kidney graft.

Inappropriate gestational weight gain impact on maternofetal outcomes in gestational diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the dimension of deviation from appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse maternofetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: We performed a multicentric retrospective study based on the Portuguese GDM Database. Women were classified as within GWG, insufficient (IGWG) or excessive (EGWG) than the Institute of Medicine recommendations.

Liraglutide Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Real-World Cohort of Portuguese Patients.

Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescribed to diabetic patients for glycaemic control. To understand the impact of liraglutide in the real-world setting, this study analysed its effects in a Portuguese cohort of Type 2 diabetes patients. This was an observational, multicentric, and retrospective study that included 191 liraglutide-treated patients with at least 12 months of treatment.

Maternofetal outcomes in early-onset gestational diabetes: does weight gain matter?

Aim: Women with early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have overall lower gestational weight gain (GWG) compared to those with later-onset GDM, albeit with usually worse maternofetal outcomes. We intent to investigate the association between inadequate GWG and maternofetal outcomes in pregnant women with early-onset GDM.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of women with early-onset GDM based on the National Registry of GDM.

Predictors of metformin monotherapy failure in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Metformin has emerged as a safe and effective pharmacological alternative to insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), being associated with lower maternal weight gain and hypoglycemia risk. Nevertheless, glycemic control is unaccomplished in a considerable proportion of women only treated with metformin. We aim to determine the metformin monotherapy failure rate in GDM and to identify predictors of its occurrence.

Gestational diabetes in twin pregnancy: A predictor of adverse fetomaternal outcomes?

Aim: To compare fetomaternal outcomes between GDM pregnant women with twin versus singleton pregnancies and then between women with GDM versus non-GDM twin pregnancies.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study including GDM pregnant women with both twin and singleton pregnancies followed in our tertiary center between 2011 and 2018. The fetomaternal characteristics of each group were compared.

Risk of Major Congenital Malformations or Perinatal or Neonatal Death With Insulin Detemir Versus Other Basal Insulins in Pregnant Women With Preexisting Diabetes: The Real-World EVOLVE Study.

Objective: To compare the risk of severe adverse pregnancy complications in women with preexisting diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Multinational, prospective cohort study to assess the prevalence of newborns free from major congenital malformations or perinatal or neonatal death (primary end point) following treatment with insulin detemir (detemir) versus other basal insulins.

Results: Of 1,457 women included, 727 received detemir and 730 received other basal insulins.

Characteristics of pregnant women with diabetes using injectable glucose-lowering drugs in the EVOLVE study.

Aims: To examine clinical parameters, glycemic control, folic acid supplementation, and the presence of other chronic diseases during early pregnancy in the EVOLVE study population (women with pre-existing diabetes treated with injectable glucose-lowering drugs).

Methods: Cross-sectional baseline evaluation of EVOLVE: an international, multicenter, non-interventional study investigating the safety of injectable glucose-lowering drugs in pregnant women with pre-existing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data were collected at enrollment visit interviews before gestational week 16.

Cross-sectional study on patients' understanding and views of the informed consent procedure of a secondary stroke prevention trial.

Background And Purpose: Improving understanding of study contents and procedures might enhance recruitment into studies and retention during follow-up. However, data in stroke patients on understanding of the informed consent (IC) procedure are sparse.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among ischemic stroke patients taking part in the IC procedure of an ongoing cluster-randomized secondary prevention trial.

Third trimester HbA1c and the association with large-for-gestational-age neonates in women with gestational diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the association between HbA1c levels measured in the third trimester and the risk for large for gestational age (LGA) in neonates of mothers affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Secondarily, we aimed to identify an ideal cut-off for increased risk of LGA amongst pregnant women with GDM.

Methods: Observational retrospective review of singleton pregnant women with GDM evaluated in a diabetes and pregnancy clinic of a tertiary and academic hospital.

Mild periconceptional hyperglycemia: predictor of adverse fetomaternal outcomes in gestational diabetes?

Aim: To clarify whether mild first trimester hyperglycaemia (characteristic of early-onset GDM) is associated with higher incidence of congenital malformations and other adverse fetomaternal outcomes compared to women with second trimester hyperglycaemia (later-onset GDM).

Design And Methods: We analyzed the Portuguese National GDM database, containing data collected between 2011 and 2017. Two study groups were defined: Group 1-Women with GDM diagnosed during the first trimester (with fasting glycemia ≥ 92 and < 126 mg/dL); Group 2-Women with GDM diagnosed after the first 12 weeks of gestation, with either fasting glycemia or oral glucose tolerance test, according to the International Association of Pregnancy and Diabetes Study Group criteria.

Prevalence of nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in primary health care units in Brazil.

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus by healthcare workers is of great clinical importance as it facilitates the contamination of medical devices and cross-transmission. However, studies regarding the epidemiology and dissemination of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S.

Zinc Enrichment in two Contrasting Genotypes of L. Grains: Interactions between Edaphic Conditions and Foliar Fertilizers.

This study aimed to assess the implications of Zn enrichment in wheat grains as a function of contrasting genotypes, edaphic conditions and foliar fertilizers. L. varieties Roxo and Paiva were grown in four production fields, and sprayed with ZnSO (0, 16.

Hypoglycemic episodes in hospitalized people with diabetes in Portugal: the HIPOS-WARD study.

Background: We intended to estimate the proportion hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic emergency episodes in treated diabetes mellitus (DM) patients admitted to a hospital ward, and calculate the prevalence of risk factors for hypoglycemia and diabetic complications.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, multicentered study, the observational data was collected by physicians from patient's hospitalization to discharge/death. Statistical tests were 2-tailed considering 5% significance level.

Characteristics of hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetic patients treated at the emergency room of a Portuguese tertiary centre, 2012-2016.

Objective: To analyse changes in the characteristics of hypoglycaemic episodes treated in the emergency room of a tertiary hospital in Portugal between 2012 and 2016.

Research Design And Methods: We retrospectively analysed all emergency room reports for patients discharged with a diagnosis of hypoglycaemia between 2012 and 2016 and analysed demographic characteristics, type of diabetes and treatments, causes of hypoglycaemia and discharge destination. Patients without diabetes were excluded.