Osteoid osteoma: A masquerader of persistent knee pain in the setting of prior lateral tibial plateau cement subchondroplasty.

Osteoid Osteoma (OO) is a common primary bone tumor that often presents with night pain in younger orthopedic patients. Although typically extra-articular, intra-articular presentations may be difficult to diagnose. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent detailed imaging of the articular surface, it has been reported to lead to occasional misdiagnosis given limitations in spatial resolution, particularly for smaller lesions.

AAV-mediated co-expression of an immunogenic transgene plus PD-L1 enables sustained expression through immunological evasion.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors can mediate long-term expression of immunogenic transgenes in vivo through transduction of tolerogenic cells in the liver. Tissue-targeted AAV vectors allow transduction of non-hepatic cells, but this necessitates development of strategies to minimize transgene immunogenicity. Here, we first validated that AAV capsids with tissue-specific tropism and transgene promoters enabled expression of the immunogenic protein, firefly luciferase, in liver, muscle, or adipose tissue.

Characterisation of a microelectrochemical biosensor for real-time detection of brain extracellular d-serine.

A modified development protocol and concomitant characterisation of a first generation biosensor for the detection of brain extracellular d-serine is reported. Functional parameters important for neurochemical monitoring, including sensor sensitivity, O interference, selectivity, shelf-life and biocompatibility were examined. Construction and development involved the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), utilising a dip-coating immobilisation method employing a new extended drying approach.

Structural determination and modeling of ciliary microtubules.

The axoneme, a microtubule-based array at the center of every cilium, has been the subject of structural investigations for decades, but only recent advances in cryo-EM and cryo-ET have allowed a molecular-level interpretation of the entire complex to be achieved. The unique properties of the nine doublet microtubules and central pair of singlet microtubules that form the axoneme, including the highly decorated tubulin lattice and the docking of massive axonemal complexes, provide opportunities and challenges for sample preparation, 3D reconstruction and atomic modeling. Here, the approaches used for cryo-EM and cryo-ET of axonemes are reviewed, while highlighting the unique opportunities provided by the latest generation of AI-guided tools that are transforming structural biology.

A miniaturized culture platform for control of the metabolic environment.

The heart is a metabolic "omnivore" and adjusts its energy source depending on the circulating metabolites. Human cardiac organoids, a three-dimensional model of the heart wall, are a useful tool to study cardiac physiology and pathology. However, cardiac tissue naturally experiences shear stress and nutrient fluctuations via blood flow , whilst models are conventionally cultivated in a static medium.

Orthopedic Training in the United States A Continuously Evolving Process.

Orthopedic surgery in the United States has gone through many changes over the past few centuries. Starting with a small sect of subspecialized surgeons, advances in technology and surgical skills have paralleled the growth of the specialty. To keep up with demand, the training of orthopedic surgeons has undergone many iterations.

Evolution of adolescents' dietary patterns in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2018.

Objective: To evaluate the evolution of the dietary patterns of adolescents in the northeast region of Brazil.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF - Household Budget Surveys), collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the years 2008-2009 and 2017-2018. A total of 3,095 adolescents were evaluated in 2008-2009 and 3,015 in 2017-2018.

Evaluation of the relationship between tear meniscus changes and quality of life outcomes after external dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery on tear meniscus parameters and assess its relationship with improvements in quality of life (QoL) in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).

Methods: This prospective study included 30 patients diagnosed with NLDO who underwent external DCR surgery. Tear meniscus (TM) parameters, including height, depth and area, were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Microtissue Culture Provides Clarity on the Relative Chondrogenic and Hypertrophic Response of Bone-Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells to TGF-β1, BMP-2, and GDF-5.

Chondrogenic induction of bone-marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) is typically accomplished with medium supplemented with growth factors (GF) from the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic factor (BMP) superfamily. In a previous study, we demonstrated that brief (1-3 days) stimulation with TGF-β1 was sufficient to drive chondrogenesis and hypertrophy using small-diameter microtissues generated from 5000 BMSC each. This biology is obfuscated in typical large-diameter pellet cultures, which suffer radial heterogeneity.

Hyperthermia elevates brain temperature and improves behavioural signs in animal models of autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are predominantly neurodevelopmental and largely genetically determined. However, there are human data supporting the idea that fever can improve symptoms in some individuals, but those data are limited and there are almost no data to support this from animal models. We aimed to test the hypothesis that elevated body temperature would improve function in two animal models of ASD.

Comparison of Hand-Wrist Findings of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients According to the Use of Synthetic and Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): A Clinical, Radiographic, and Ultrasonographic Study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hand-wrist findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using synthetic and a combination of synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in terms of ultrasonographic, clinical, and radiographic data.

Methods: The study is designed as a cross-sectional study, and 31 RA patients followed up in the rheumatology outpatient clinic were enrolled. Nineteen patients were using only synthetic DMARDs, and 12 patients were using a combination of synthetic and biological DMARDs.

Testing the effectiveness of a Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME-W) intervention for individuals with inflammatory arthritis: Study protocol for a randomized control trial.

Background: A work-focused fatigue management intervention, Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME-W) programme was developed for individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA) to manage fatigue in order to maintain demands of their work activities and tasks. This paper presents the protocol for a randomized control trial that will test the effectiveness and acceptability of FAME-W in improving work performance.

Methods: This protocol presents a multisite randomized control trial and mixed methods process evaluation.

A tumour-spheroid manufacturing and cryopreservation process that yields a highly reproducible product ready for direct use in drug screening assays.

If it were possible to purchase tumour-spheroids as a standardised product, ready for direct use in assays, this may contribute to greater research reproducibility, potentially reducing costs and accelerating outcomes. Herein, we describe a workflow where uniformly sized cancer tumour-spheroids are mass-produced using microwell culture, cryopreserved with high viability, and then cultured in neutral buoyancy media for drug testing. C4-2B prostate cancer or MCF-7 breast cancer cells amalgamated into uniform tumour-spheroids after 48 h of culture.

Field demonstration analyzing the implementation of individual animal electronic identification and genetic testing in western range sheep flocks.

Adoption of electronic identification ear tags (EID) and DNA testing by commercial range sheep producers in the Western United States has been low, despite the availability of these technologies for over a decade. Jointly, these technologies offer an approach to provide individual animal performance data to improve flock health, genetic and reproductive management. This project involved a collaboration with five California sheep producers representing a broad geographic range, varying levels of pre-project EID adoption, and diverse operational practices.

Method for manufacture and cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues.

The financial viability of a cell and tissue-engineered therapy may depend on the compatibility of the therapy with mass production and cryopreservation. Herein, we developed a method for the mass production and cryopreservation of 3D cartilage microtissues. Cartilage microtissues were assembled from either 5000 human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) or 5000 human articular chondrocytes (ACh) each using a customized microwell platform (the Microwell-mesh).

Ultrasonography-Guided Intra-Arterial Hyaluronidase Treatment of Vascular Occlusions.

The purpose of this article is to introduce a recommendation for an adjunct approach to the current treatment protocol for vascular occlusion (VO). Current guidelines for treatment of VO do not incorporate the use of ultrasonographic technology. Using bedside ultrasonography has gained recognition as an effective way to map out the vessels of the face to prevent VO.

gene silencing dampens bone marrow stromal cell hypertrophy, but it also dampens chondrogenesis.

For bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to be useful in cartilage repair their propensity for hypertrophic differentiation must be overcome. A single day of TGF-β1 stimulation activates intrinsic signaling cascades in BMSCs which subsequently drives both chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation. TGF-β1 stimulation upregulates , a transcription factor known to contribute to hypertrophic differentiation, and remains upregulated even if TGF-β1 is subsequently withdrawn from the chondrogenic induction medium.

Tailored Nurse Support Program Promoting Positive Parenting and Family Preservation.

Background: Public health nurse home visiting is a promising approach for addressing the complex needs of families at risk of child maltreatment. The Colorado Nurse Support Program advances service provision by using evidence-based practices to provide tailored assessment and intervention to low-income, primiparous, and multiparous families with children under 18 years of age identified as high risk by county human service systems.

Objectives: This study aimed to test the effects of the Nurse Support Program on child protective services case characteristics between Nurse Support Program families and a demographically comparable reference group of families and evaluate changes in parenting outcomes from pre- to postprogram involvement for Nurse Support Program families.

Three structural solutions for bacterial adhesion pilus stability and superelasticity.

Bacterial adhesion pili are key virulence factors that mediate host-pathogen interactions in diverse epithelial environments. Deploying a multimodal approach, we probed the structural basis underpinning the biophysical properties of pili originating from enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and uropathogenic bacteria. Using cryo-electron microscopy we solved the structures of three vaccine target pili from ETEC bacteria, CFA/I, CS17, and CS20.

How to Start an IV Drip Bar.

The practice of administering intravenous (IV) vitamin infusions is going to increase in the future and medspas are already meeting this demand. Many practices are striving to create an IV drip bar that complements their aesthetic practice. In this article, we provide a blueprint for starting an IV drip bar.

Testing the feasibility and acceptability of an online 'Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME-W) programme' for individuals with inflammatory arthritis.

Introduction: Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME-W) is a four-week, occupational therapy led programme focussing on fatigue management strategies. FAME-W was designed to be delivered in person; however, due to COVID-19 pandemic it was modified to be an online group-based self-management intervention. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of the online delivery format of FAME-W.

Polyethylene liner dissociation from humeral tray: impediment to closed reduction of dislocated reverse total shoulder replacement.

Background: Instability is one of the leading causes of revision for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Closed reduction (CR) of a dislocated RTSA is recommended by many as initial treatment with varying degrees of success. In this study, we describe polyethylene liner dissociation from the humeral tray (PDH) as a cause of failure of CR of dislocated RTSA.

Effects of Protein Supplementation Strategy and Genotype on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency in Late-Lactation, Spring-Calving Grazing Dairy Cows.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of (1) protein supplementation strategy, (2) cow genotype and (3) an interaction between protein supplementation strategy and cow genotype on milk production and nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (milk N output/ total dietary N intake × 100; NUE) in late-lactation, spring-calving grazing dairy cows. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement experiment, with two feeding strategies [13% (lower crude protein; LCP) and 18% CP (higher CP; HCP) supplements with equal metabolisable protein supply] offered at 3.6 kg dry matter/cow perday, and two cow genotype groups [lower milk genotype (LM) and higher milk genotype (HM)], was conducted over 53 days.