Dosing Cefazolin for Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: Intermittent Bolus or Continuous Infusion?-A Pilot Study.

Cefazolin may minimize the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Cefazolin dosing recommendations vary and there is limited evidence for achieved tissue concentrations. We performed a randomized, controlled, prospective pharmacokinetic pilot study of 12 patients given cefazolin by either intermittent bolus (30 mg/kg every 3 h) or continuous infusion (30 mg/kg bolus followed by 10/mg/kg per hour) during PSF for AIS.

A Single-Center Retrospective Review of Patients with Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility.

Purpose The diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) has significant implications for the perioperative period that may persist for generations. Anesthetic medication options are reduced, anesthetic workstations require preparation to reduce exposure to inhaled volatile anesthetics, and patients may be excluded from surgery at ambulatory centers. In this study, we sought to better characterize the etiology of MHS diagnoses in our health system and the downstream effects of this diagnosis on anesthetic care.

The Effect of Computer Tablets on the Need for Medical Anxiolysis in Children in an Ambulatory Surgical Center.

Background Preoperative anxiety is common in children undergoing surgery. When anxiety is identified or suspected, there are several strategies typically used to manage it. Perhaps the most common is anxiolytic premedication or parental presence at induction.

Temporal Trends in the Standing Broad Jump Performance of 10,940,801 Children and Adolescents Between 1960 and 2017.

Background: The standing broad jump (SBJ) is an excellent functional measure of explosive lower-body strength that is significantly related to health among children and adolescents.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate national (country-level) and international (pooled global data) temporal trends in SBJ performance for children and adolescents, and to examine the relationships between national trends in SBJ performance and national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators.

Methods: Data were obtained from a systematic search of studies reporting temporal trends in SBJ performance for 9- to 17-year-olds, and by examining national fitness datasets.

Community-Based Production of Quality Face Masks for Personal Protection During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The authors developed a process to produce a reliably fitting face mask from materials that were immediately available to health care workers, to reduce the risk of infection. Multiple materials and designs were developed to produce face masks that focused on ease of production, the ability to generate a reliable facial seal, and the ability to tailor the mask for those who did not fit commercially available N95 masks. Two final designs were selected.

Temporal trends in the sit-ups performance of 9,939,289 children and adolescents between 1964 and 2017.

Unlabelled: We estimated international/national temporal trends in sit-ups performance for children and adolescents, and examined relationships between national trends in sit-ups performance and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators. Data were obtained by systematically searching studies reporting on temporal trends in sit-ups performance for apparently healthy 9-17 year-olds, and by examining nationally representative fitness datasets. Trends at the country-sex-age level were estimated by sample-weighted regression models relating the testing year to mean sit-ups performance.

The Development and Implementation of a Cardiac Home Hospice Program: Results of a RE-AIM Analysis.

Background: Use of hospice has grown among patients with heart failure; however, gaps remain in the ability of agencies to tailor services to meet their needs.

Aim: This study describes the implementation of a cardiac home hospice program and insights for dissemination to other hospice programs.

Design: We conducted a multimethod analysis structured around the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Building trust and facilitating goals of care conversations: A qualitative study in people with heart failure receiving home hospice care.

Background: Despite a majority of persons receiving hospice care in their homes, there are gaps in understanding how to facilitate goals of care conversations between persons with heart failure and healthcare providers.

Aim: To identify barriers and facilitators which shape goals of care conversations for persons with heart failure in the context of home hospice.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study design was used with semi-structured interviews.

A Systematic Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Handgrip Strength of 2,216,320 Children and Adolescents Between 1967 and 2017.

Objective: To estimate national and international temporal trends in handgrip strength for children and adolescents, and to examine relationships between trends in handgrip strength and trends in health-related and sociodemographic indicators.

Methods: Data were obtained through a systematic search of studies reporting temporal trends in the handgrip strength for apparently healthy 9-17-year-olds, and by examining large national fitness datasets. Temporal trends at the country-sex-age level were estimated by sample-weighted regression models relating the year of testing to mean handgrip strength.

Factors Associated With Live Discharge of Heart Failure Patients From Hospice: A Multimethod Study.

Objectives: This study identified sociodemographic and clinical factors that predicted live discharge among home hospice patients with heart failure, and related these findings to perspectives among health care providers about challenges to caring for these patients.

Background: Hospice patients with heart failure are frequently discharged from hospice before death ("live discharge"). However, little is known about the factors and circumstances associated with live discharge among patients with heart failure.

Use of the Palliative Performance Scale to estimate survival among home hospice patients with heart failure.

Aims: Estimating survival is challenging in the terminal phase of advanced heart failure. Patients, families, and health-care organizations would benefit from more reliable prognostic tools. The Palliative Performance Scale Version 2 (PPSv2) is a reliable and validated tool used to measure functional performance; higher scores indicate higher functionality.

Using the Palliative Performance Scale to Estimate Survival for Patients at the End of Life: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: The Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) has been widely used for survival prediction among patients with cancer; however, few studies have reviewed PPS scores in heterogeneous palliative care populations across multiple care settings.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to determine how the PPS tool has been used to estimate survival at the end of life.

Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

A revisited phylogeography of Nautilus pompilius.

The cephalopod genus Nautilus is considered a "living fossil" with a contested number of extant and extinct species, and a benthic lifestyle that limits movement of animals between isolated seamounts and landmasses in the Indo-Pacific. Nautiluses are fished for their shells, most heavily in the Philippines, and these fisheries have little monitoring or regulation. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that multiple species of Nautilus (e.

Comparative population assessments of Nautilus sp. in the Philippines, Australia, Fiji, and American Samoa using baited remote underwater video systems.

The extant species of Nautilus and Allonautilus (Cephalopoda) inhabit fore-reef slope environments across a large geographic area of the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. While many aspects of their biology and behavior are now well-documented, uncertainties concerning their current populations and ecological role in the deeper, fore-reef slope environments remain. Given the historical to current day presence of nautilus fisheries at various locales across the Pacific and Indian Oceans, a comparative assessment of the current state of nautilus populations is critical to determine whether conservation measures are warranted.

Increased growth and germination success in plants following hydrogen sulfide administration.

This study presents a novel way of enhancing plant growth through the use of a non-petroleum based product. We report here that exposing either roots or seeds of multicellular plants to extremely low concentrations of dissolved hydrogen sulfide at any stage of life causes statistically significant increases in biomass including higher fruit yield. Individual cells in treated plants were smaller (~13%) than those of controls.

Introducing LAPPS (Liverpool Anticipatory Procedural Pain Score): the pragmatic development of an innovative approach to predicting and treating procedural pain and distress in children.

Removal of chest drains is a painful procedure and distresses patients, parents and nurses. To identify problems and improve management we developed a concerted approach to both assessment and treatment using audit. An initial prospective audit of post-op cardiac children undergoing chest drain +/- pacing wire removal was undertaken.

Managing sedation withdrawal in children who undergo prolonged PICU admission after discharge to the ward.

Children who undergo a prolonged stay within the intensive care unit require adequate sedation and analgesia. During the recovery phase there will need to be a period of sedation withdrawal to prevent occurrence of an abstinence syndrome. We present a strategy developed within our hospital for managing this process which uses the resource of the Pain Service, along with guidelines to help prevent the development of withdrawal, and a plan for managing any signs of abstinence which occur.