Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to Quantify Marker Compounds in var. and Its Effects in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered defecation. IBS is associated with several factors, including visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, and gut-brain interaction disorders. Because currently available pharmacological treatments cannot adequately improve symptoms and may cause adverse effects, the use of herbal therapies for managing IBS is increasing.

Antidepressant effects of p-coumaric acid isolated from Vaccinium bracteatum leaves extract on chronic restraint stress mouse model and antagonism of serotonin 6 receptor in vitro.

Background: Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves (VBL) are used in traditional herbal medicines to treat various biological diseases. p-coumaric acid (CA), the main active component of VBL, has neuroprotective effects against corticosterone-induced damage in vitro.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

(Kjellman) L.-E. Yang & J.

Protective effects of Quercus acuta Thunb. fruit extract against UVB-induced photoaging through ERK/AP-1 signaling modulation in human keratinocytes.

Background: Quercus acuta Thunb. (Fagaceae) or Japanese evergreen oak is cultivated as an ornamental plant in South Korea, China, Japan, and Taiwan and used in traditional medicine. The acorn or fruit of Quercus acuta Thunb.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Nakai) Pamp. (Asteraceae), a traditional medicinal herb in Korea.

(Nakai) Pamp. is a widely used heath food and a well-known traditional Korean herbal medicine. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Improves Spatial Learning and Memory by Regulating N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors and Tau Phosphorylation in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Memory Impaired Mice.

Thunb. Leaves (VBL) are a component of traditional herbal medicines. However, molecular mechanisms of VBL in stress-related memory impairment are still unclear.

Laxative Activity of the Hot-Water Extract Mixture of Thunb. and Mazel in Chronic Constipation Model SD Rats.

This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Thunb. (HD), Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg).

Effects of ChondroT on potassium Oxonate-induced Hyperuricemic mice: downregulation of xanthine oxidase and urate transporter 1.

Background: ChondroT, a new herbal medication, consists of the water extracts of Osterici Radix, Lonicerae Folium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Clematidis Radix, and Phellodendri Cortex (6:4:4:4:3). We previously reported that ChondroT showed significant anti-arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ChondroT on hyperuricemia.

Sedative and hypnotic effects of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. through the regulation of serotonegic and GABA-ergic systems: Involvement of 5-HT receptor agonistic activity.

The present study was conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit (VBFW) in an animal model and to identify the underlying mechanisms of its action. VBFW exhibited sedative effects through a reduction in the locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT).

Antidepressant Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum via Protection Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

The present study evaluates the anti-oxidative stress activity of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit extract (VBFW) to identify the mechanisms responsible for its antidepressant-like effects. To evaluate the antidepressant and anti-oxidant effects of VBFW, malondialdehyde (MDA), serotonin transporter (SERT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels were measured in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS).

In vitro and in vivo androgen regulation of Dendropanax morbiferus leaf extract on late-onset hypogonadism.

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with advancing age and is caused by a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév.

Leaf Extract Reverses Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in Mice: Regulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Serotonin Turnover Systems, and ERK/Akt Phosphorylation.

The leaves of Thunb. are a source of traditional herbal medicines found in East Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of water extract of Thunb.

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum in Chronic Restraint Stress Mice: Functional Actions and Mechanism Explorations.

The fruit of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. (VBF) is commonly known as the oriental blueberry in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of water VBF extract (VBFW) in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS) and to identify the underlying mechanisms of its action.

Antistress Effects of Rosa rugosa Thunb. on Total Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Dysfunction in Rat: Possible Mechanism of Action of 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist.

Our previous results suggest that the Rosa rugosa Thunb. (family Rosaceae) alleviates endurance exercise-induced stress by decreasing oxidative stress levels. This study aimed to screen and identify the physiological antistress effects of an extract of R.

Antiobesity Effects of Unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel and Its Constituents: An In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of the Underlying Mechanism.

Background. The objective of the present study was to perform a bioguided fractionation of unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel (uRC) and evaluate the lipid accumulation system involvement in its antiobesity activity as well as study the uRC mechanism of action. Results.

PMA induces vaccine adjuvant activity by the modulation of TLR signaling pathway.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are being developed for use as vaccine adjuvants and as immunomodulators because of their ability to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Flagellin, a TLR5 ligand, was reported to show potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant activity. To identify ligands that potentiate the adjuvant activity of flagellin, we screened a plant library using HEK293T cells transiently cotransfected with phTLR5 and pNF- κ B-SEAP plasmids.

Dammarane triterpenes from the leaves of Panax ginseng enhance cellular immunity.

In our search for immune stimulating materials from natural source, bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of Panax ginseng leaves led to the isolation of three dammarane triterpenes (1-3), including two previously unknown compounds 27-demethyl-(E,E)-20(22),23-dien-3β,6α,12β-trihydroxydammar-25-one (1) and 3β,20(S)-dihydroxydammar-24-en-12β,23β-epoxy-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, chemical transformation, and by the comparison with those of literature data. Compounds 1-3 significantly increased interleukin-12 expression in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophage at a concentration of 100 ng/mL.

Protective mechanism of curcumin against Vibrio vulnificus infection.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has many beneficial biological activities. However, there are relatively few reports of the effects of curcumin on pathogen infections.

Resveratrol modulates RTX toxin-induced cytotoxicity through interference in adhesion and toxin production.

Host-parasite contact is a prerequisite for the acute cytotoxicity of Vibrio vulnificus, which is mediated primarily by RtxA1, a repeat in toxin (RTX) toxin. We found that resveratrol (at 10 or 30 microM), a natural polyphenol, protected HeLa cells from V. vulnificus cytotoxicity.

Genistein inhibits Vibrio vulnificus adhesion and cytotoxicity to HeLa cells.

Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a useful model for bacterial septicemia as the bacterial infection generates a wide pathogenic spectrum in addition to a high mortality rate. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of genistein on the growth, cytotoxicity, adhesion, and the mouse mortality caused by V.

Protective effect of polygoni cuspidati radix and emodin on Vibrio vulnificus cytotoxicity and infection.

Vibrio vulnificus, a good model organism of bacterial septicemia, causes fatal septicemia manifesting a fulminating course and a high mortality rate within days. In order to identify new natural substances preventing V. vulnificus infection, a plant library was screened for inhibiting cytotoxicity to host cells by using Trypan blue staining and LDH assay.