Resistant starch and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical perspective.

The immediate and well-documented benefits of carbohydrate restriction include improved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Starch, a significant source of carbohydrates, is categorized as rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, or resistant starch (RS). RS, which is a non-viscous fermentable fiber, has shown promise in animal studies for antidiabetic effects by improving glucose metabolism.

Efficacy and Safety of Enavogliflozin versus Dapagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.

Backgruound: Enavogliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor currently under clinical development. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin as an add-on to metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) against dapagliflozin.

Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study, 200 patients were randomized to receive enavogliflozin 0.

Anagliptin twice-daily regimen improves glycaemic variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To determine whether the twice-daily (BID) regimen is superior to the once-daily (QD) regimen for managing glycaemic variability by comparing the effects of anagliptin 100 mg BID versus sitagliptin 100 mg QD.

Materials And Methods: A double-blinded, randomized, multicentre study was performed in 89 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone (6.5% < HbA1c < 8.

Current status of diabetic kidney disease and latest trends in management.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes and is leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and one of major risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on kidney function and safety in type 2 diabetes patients.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have been recommended in diabetic kidney disease patients.

A Multicentre, Multinational, Open-Label, 52-Week Extension Study of Gemigliptin (LC15-0444) Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The purpose of this extension study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of gemigliptin 50 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM who had completed the initial 24-week study comparing gemigliptin monotherapy with placebo were eligible to enrol. In the open-label, 28-week extension study, all enrolled patients received gemigliptin, regardless of the treatment received during the initial 24-week study period.

Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone versus sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with two or more components of metabolic syndrome over 24 weeks.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of lobeglitazone compared with sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as other components of metabolic syndrome. Patients inadequately controlled by metformin were randomly assigned to lobeglitazone (0.5 mg, n = 121) or sitagliptin (100 mg, n = 126) for 24 weeks.

Changes in the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus According to Physician and Patient Behaviors.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing prevalence worldwide. According to a previous study, physicians' treatment patterns or patients' behaviors change when they become aware of the risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients with DM. However, there exist controversial reports from previous studies in the impact of physicians' behaviors on the patients' quality of life (QoL) improvements.

Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated with Hyperbranched Chlorin e6 Using Disulfide Linkage and Its Nanophotosensitizer for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells.

The main purpose of this study is to synthesize novel types of nanophotosensitizers that are based on hyperbranched chlorin e6 (Ce6) via disulfide linkages. Moreover, hyperbranched Ce6 was conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) for CD44-receptor mediated delivery and redox-sensitive photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer cells. Hyperbranched Ce6 was considered to make novel types of macromolecular photosensitizer since most of the previous studies regarding nanophotosensizers are concerned with simple conjugation between monomeric units of photosensitizer and polymer materials.

CD44 Receptor-Specific and Redox-Sensitive Nanophotosensitizers of Hyaluronic Acid-Chlorin e6 Tetramer Having Diselenide Linkages for Photodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells.

For reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive and CD44 receptor-mediated delivery of photosensitizers, chlorin e6 (ce6) tetramer was synthesized using tetra acid (TA) via selenocystamine linkages and then conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) (abbreviated as HAseseCe6TA). HAseseCe6TA nanophotosensitizers were fabricated by dialysis procedure. HAseseCe6TA nanophotosensitizers showed spherical morphology with small particle sizes less than 100 nm and monomodal pattern.

When should antithyroid drug therapy to reduce the relapse rate of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease be discontinued?

Objective: The use of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy in patients with Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism has been increasing, but ATD therapy is associated with a higher relapse rate. We aimed to evaluate clinical factors for predicting relapse of GD after ATD therapy.

Methods: Patients (n = 149) with newly diagnosed GD who achieved remission of hyperthyroidism after ATD therapy (≥6 months) were followed up for >18 months after ATD withdrawal.

Piperlongumine-Eluting Gastrointestinal Stent Using Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanofiber Mats for Inhibition of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.

Background: The aim of this study is to fabricate drug-eluting gastrointestinal (GI) stent using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive nanofiber mats for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell. A ROS-producing agent, piperlongumine (PL)-incorporated nanofiber mats were investigated for drug-eluting stent (DES) application.

Methods: Selenocystamine-conjugated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG) was conjugated with poly(L-lactide) (PLA) to produce block copolymer (LEse block copolymer).

Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Combination of metformin to reduce the fasting plasma glucose level and an α-glucosidase inhibitor to decrease the postprandial glucose level is expected to generate a complementary effect. We compared the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of voglibose plus metformin (vogmet) with metformin monotherapy in drug-naïve newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 187 eligible patients aged 20 to 70 years, with a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 7.

Effects of Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus over 52 Weeks.

Background: The aim of this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was to examine the effect of lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, on the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A 24-week, double-blinded phase was followed by a 28-week, open-label phase, in which the placebo group also started to receive lobeglitazone. A total of 170 patients aged 34 to 76 years were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive lobeglitazone 0.

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2014.

Objectives: To examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the Korean population.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: A nationally representative population survey database.

Efficacy and safety of evogliptin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately elevated glycated haemoglobin levels after diet and exercise.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evogliptin, a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled by diet and exercise.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, phase III study, 160 patients with T2D were assigned to either evogliptin 5 mg or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the mean change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to week 24.

Impact of carotid atherosclerosis detection on physician and patient behavior in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, observational, multicenter study.

Background: This study compared carotid ultrasound (CUS) and traditional risk calculations in determining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and investigated whether awareness of CVD affects patient and/or physician behavior.

Methods: In this prospective, observational, multicenter study, 797 participants with type 2 diabetes were assessed using CUS, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine (UKPDSRE) calculator, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) algorithm. Health-related behaviors and physician treatments were compared at baseline and at 6 months after assessment.

Delay of insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycemic agents (analysis of patient- and physician-related factors): A prospective observational DIPP-FACTOR study in Korea.

Aims/introduction: To assess the time to initiation of insulin therapy, and concurrently investigate both patient- and physician-related factors associated with delaying insulin therapy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs).

Materials And Methods: This prospective, observational disease registry study was carried out across 69 centers in Korea. Type 2 diabetes patients who had received two or more OHAs within the past 5 years, had a glycated hemoglobin ≥8% in the past 6 months and had not received insulin were included.

Anti-Proliferative Effects of Rutin on OLETF Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated by Glucose Variability.

Purpose: Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Rutin is a major representative of the flavonol subclass of flavonoids and has various pharmacological activities. Currently, data are lacking regarding its effects on VSMC proliferation induced by intermittent hyperglycemia.

Safety and efficacy of lobeglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 52 weeks: An open-label extension study.

We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of lobeglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks through 28-week extension study. Clinical benefits in terms of glycemic and lipid control were maintained for 52 weeks. Lobeglitazone showed a favorable balance of efficacy and safety during the extension study.

The effects of the Korean reference value on the prevalence of osteoporosis and the prediction of fracture risk.

Background: Since the reference value is the core factor of the T-score calculation, it has a significant impact on the prevalence of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using the Korean reference value on the prevalence of osteoporosis and on the prediction of fracture risk.

Methods: We used femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2011.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anagliptin in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anagliptin in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. A total of 109 patients were randomized to 100 mg (n=37) or 200 mg (n=33) anagliptin twice daily or placebo (n=39). The primary objective was to alter HbA1c levels from baseline at a 24-week endpoint.

Efficacy of glimepiride/metformin fixed-dose combination vs metformin uptitration in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on low-dose metformin monotherapy: A randomized, open label, parallel group, multicenter study in Korea.

Aims/introduction: To compare the efficacy and safety of early combination therapy with glimepiride/metformin to metformin uptitration in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Korean type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on low-dose metformin monotherapy.

Materials And Methods: In a randomized, open label, parallel group, multicenter study, 209 Korean type 2 diabetic patients (HbA1c 7.0-10.