Enhancing Compliance With Preoperative Fasting Guidelines: A Closed-Loop Quality Improvement Initiative to Optimize Patient Safety and Outcomes.

Introduction Preoperative fasting is essential in surgical care to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia. International guidelines, such as those from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), recommend fasting durations of six hours for solids and two hours for clear liquids. However, adherence to these guidelines often varies in clinical practice, leading to prolonged fasting times that can negatively impact patient outcomes, including dehydration, hypoglycemia, discomfort, and delayed recovery.

A Comparative Study of Aortic Valve Neocuspidization Techniques: Formula vs. Template Methods of Neocusp Formation.

Introduction: The template method (TM), pioneered by Ozaki for aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo), has been widely adopted for aortic valve replacement, though it requires specialized instruments. This study introduces a novel formula method (FM), which uses the diameter of the aortic valve fibrous ring (AV-D) to determine the dimensions of the neocusps to be trimmed from autologous without the need for templates, potentially reducing costs and complexity. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the FM with the established TM in patients undergoing AVNeo.

Adherence to Preoperative Fasting Guidelines in Elective Surgical Patients.

Introduction: Preoperative fasting is recommended by international guidelines as a means to minimize the risk of aspiration of gastric content during induction of anesthesia or surgery. Prolonged preoperative fasting is, however, discouraged due to the associated side effects such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can negatively impact recovery after surgery. An initial quality improvement study revealed poor implementation of the best practice guidelines on preoperative fasting in three departments of a hospital and an institutional action plan was devised to enforce adherence to these guidelines.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) applications in medicine have been significant over the past 30 years. To monitor current research developments, it is crucial to examine the latest trends in AI adoption across various medical fields. This bibliometric analysis focuses on AI applications in cardiology.

Development of a Method for Isolation of Mature Cardiomyocytes from Human Heart Biopsy Specimens.

To increase the yield of living cells and their survival, studies were carried out to optimize the method for isolating cardiomyocytes from biopsy specimens excised from the right atrial appendages. It was found that creatine, blebbistatin, and taurine are necessary components of the buffer solution during cardiomyocyte isolation, and that composition of the solutions is a more important factor than their oxygenation.

Novel Molecular Vehicle-Based Approach for Cardiac Cell Transplantation Leads to Rapid Electromechanical Graft-Host Coupling.

Myocardial remodeling is an inevitable risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias and can potentially be corrected with cell therapy. Although the generation of cardiac cells ex vivo is possible, specific approaches to cell replacement therapy remain unclear. On the one hand, adhesive myocyte cells must be viable and conjugated with the electromechanical syncytium of the recipient tissue, which is unattainable without an external scaffold substrate.

Method and Computer System for Dialog Optimization of Aging Biomarker Panels for Biological Age Assessment.

A concept, method, algorithm, and computer system (CS) of step-by-step dialog optimization of biomarker (BM) panels for assessing human biological age (BA) according to a number of universal criteria based on incomplete and noisy data have been developed. This system provides the ability to automatically build BM panels for BA assessment and to increase the accuracy of BA determination while reducing the number of measured BMs. The optimization criteria are as follows: high correlation of BMs with chronological age (CA); minimum size of BM panels, obtained by rejecting highly cross-correlated BMs; high accuracy of BA assessment; high accuracy of BA/CA dependency interpolation; absence of outliers in BM values, which reduce the BA assessment accuracy; rejection of panels resulting in a high standard deviation for the BA-CA difference; and possible additional criteria entered by the researcher according to the task specifics.

Decrease in Human Aging Rate Since the Middle of the 20th Century.

The plot of the mortality rate minus the constant A of the Gompertz-Makeham equation and the plot of the mortality intensity increment d(m) reflect the actual rate of biological aging. It was shown that since the middle of the 20th century there has been a slowdown in aging for all the countries of the world that were studied (for available periods in the history), in all parameters: R and k coefficients of the Gompertz equation, mortality intensity increment d(m) and maximum life span. The slowdown in the aging rate of continues to the present.

[Left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy of donor heart: the results and outlook].

Left ventricular hypertrophy - is one of the most frequent structural changes in the heart. This article is devoted to the assessment of modern views on the causes of myocardial hypertrophy of the donor heart, indications and contraindications for the heart trans‑ plantation, the outlook of expanding the pool of effective donors through the use of these hearts. Here are considered the issues of post-transplantation remodeling of the donor heart myocardium, The pathogenesis features, the nascence risk and possibilities of drug regulation of the transplanted heart's myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle.

Natural aging as as a sequential poly-systemic syndrome.

We review the progression of aging as a sequential development of multiple syndromes analogous to other diseases. This generalized approach may allow practicing physicians to consider the signs of aging as manifestations of a poly-syndrome disease and facilitate prevention, diagnosis and treatment of common aging-related dysfunctions.

Effect of Alpha-Fetoprotein on Lifespan of Old Mice.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the best-known embryo-specific proteins. It is used to diagnose fetal abnormalities and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. AFP has pronounced immunotropic and detoxifying effect and a direct apoptotic effect on tumor cells.

[Biological Age as a Method for Systematic Assessment of Ontogenetic Changes in the State of an Organism].

Aging is a common feature of living and nonliving systems as a disturbance of the structure of the system accumulating with age. The only cause of aging of a living system, which is capable of renewal, is the insufficiency of renewal. The latter manifests itself as two global mechanisms of aging: the genetically determined nonrenewal of a number of structures that can only die with age (stochastic aging) and the regulatory reduction in the rate of self-renewal of living structures.

[Biological age as an index of human health level, aging and ecological well-being].

Methodology of estimating the integral health and aging level is based on the system index of biological age (BA). The paper introduces the reader to the BA principles and structure, search for meaningful aging biomarkers, useful tests, and applications in present-day biomedicine. The concept of BA is directly linked with the theory of organism vitality.

[The system theory of aging: methodological principles, basic tenets and applications].

The paper deals with the system theory of aging constructed on the basis of present-day scientific methodology--the system approach. The fundamental cause for aging is discrete existence of individual life forms, i.e.

[Potentiality of correction of the antioxidant enzyme system with electrically activated solutions].

Electrochemically activated solution (ECAS) exerts effects on the activity of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), by causing an increase in the reduced activity of the enzymes and a reduction in their superactivity. The baseline activity of enzymes is subject to expressed individual variations in both animals and man. The cause of ECAS effects is, probably, the training of the antioxidative system due to the excess of electrons at the negative redox ECAS potential.

Effects of electroactivated solutions on antioxidant enzymes.

Electrochemically activated systems normalized activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. The baseline activity of antioxidant enzymes considerably varies in humans and animals. This effect of electrochemically activated systems having negative oxidation-reduction potential was probably related to a training effect of excess electrons.

[A resonance mechanism of immunomodulation by weak pulse currents (experimental study)].

The specific features of weak pulse current effects on immune rosette-formation in mice have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that there is a possible resonance (in the range of narrow values) mechanism of immunomodulation in mice with weak pulse currents. The parameters of this effect have been defined.

[Approaches to shaping the modern technologies of producing expertise and to regulating the expert process].

The author proposes transfer to new technology of expert evaluations and of management of the forensic medical service of a region. This will appreciably improve the quality of expert assessment, accelerate it, and improve labor productivity.

[Mechanism of differentiated work payment under conditions of intensified medical activities].

A mechanism of differentiated payments to all categories of workers of forensic medical expert evaluation bureaus with consideration for the final results of expert activity has been developed. The quality and terms of expert evaluations have markedly improved at the expense of differentiation in work payment.