CD4 TCRγδ FoxP3 cells: An unidentified population of immunosuppressive cells towards disease progression leprosy patients.

This study, for the first time, reveals the role of M. leprae-specific CD4 TCRγδ FoxP3 cells in the progression and pathogenesis of leprosy. Co-culture with CD4 CD25 cells suggested the immunosuppressive nature of CD4 TCRγδ cells in dose-dependent manner.

Intranasal administration of peptide antigens of HIV with mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN coentrapped in microparticles enhances the mucosal and systemic immune responses.

The mucosal immune system acts as a first line of defense against infection caused by luminal pathogens. Because HIV is transmitted primarily via mucosal associated tissues, particularly with sexual transmission, understanding antiviral immunity present at these sites is important. As most of the peptide antigens show poor immunogenicity when immunized alone but after incorporating the same peptide antigens along with adjuvant CpG ODN in microparticles has shown enhanced immunogenicity in the murine model.