Tibial tubercle to trochlear groove and the roman arch method for tibial tubercle lateralisation are reliable and distinguish between subjects with and without major patellar instability.

Purpose: Patellofemoral (PF) instability recurrence depends on several factors including the relative lateralisation of tibial tubercle (TT) regarding the trochlear groove (TG). TT relative lateralisation quantification has long been a topic of debate. Multiple measuring techniques have been described including TT-trochlear groove (TT-TG), TT-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) and TT-roman arch (TT-RA), with no clear consensus regarding the most reliable index or pathologic threshold.

Enhanced vs conventional monofocal intraocular lens clinical results in patients with cataract: randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes between an enhanced and a conventional monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) after cataract surgery.

Setting: Ophthalmology Unit, Hospital del Salvador, University of Chile (tertiary care hospital).

Design: Double-masked, prospective randomized controlled trial.

Calibration of SO and NO Electrochemical Sensors via a Training and Testing Method in an Industrial Coastal Environment.

Low-cost sensors can provide inaccurate data as temperature and humidity affect sensor accuracy. Therefore, calibration and data correction are essential to obtain reliable measurements. This article presents a training and testing method used to calibrate a sensor module assembled from SO2 and NO2 electrochemical sensors (Alphasense B4 and B43F) alongside air temperature (T) and humidity (RH) sensors.

Analysis of OPD-Scan and Pentacam Parameters for Early Keratoconus Detection.

Background: PURPOSE: To evaluate Pentacam and OPD-Scan parameters in the early detection of keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Case group included 50 clinically unaffected fellow eyes diagnosed with asymmetric keratoconus showing subtle qualitative changes at the 0.

Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy screening tool for a national health system.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and validity of an automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening tool (DART, TeleDx, Santiago, Chile) that uses artificial intelligence to analyze ocular fundus photographs for potential implementation in the national Chilean DR screening programme.

Method: This was an observational study of 1123 diabetic eye exams using a validation protocol designed by the commission of the Chilean Ministry of Health personnel and retina specialists.

Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated a sensitivity of 94.

Rotational vertebral artery occlusion ("bow hunter syndrome").

Purpose: To review the literature, analyze and discuss diagnostic and treatment options for the Bowhunter Syndrome. A clinical case of idiopathic rotatory C1-C2 subluxation causing dynamic vertebral artery occlusion is presented.

Methods: Literature review between 1960 and 2019, discussion of diagnostic methods and treatment options.

High-Grade Patellar Chondral Defects: Promising Results From Management With Osteochondral Autografts.

Background: Patellar chondral defects represent up to 34.6% of defects found during routine arthroscopy. Surgical management has evolved during the past 20 years in an effort to develop techniques to replace hyaline cartilage.

Arthroscopic Intercondylar Notch Bone Marrow Aspiration During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

The anterior cruciate ligament is the most commonly injured ligament, with up to 10% of surgery failure. Atraumatic instability in the early postoperative period (<6 months) occurs as the result of poor surgical technique, failure of graft integration, or early mechanical overload during rehabilitation. Engineered cell therapy is a developing resource designed to increase the rate of tendon-to-bone interface healing.

Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation for Treating Patellar High-Grade Chondral Defects: A Systematic Review.

Background: Patellar cartilage defects account for 34.6% of defects found during routine arthroscopy. These defects pose a challenge in orthopaedic surgery because they have been associated with worse outcomes after surgical repair compared with other chondral lesions within the knee.

[Management of diabetic retinopathy using telemedicine and network integration].

Background: If we are able to increase the resolution of complex medical problems at primary health care levels, we would improve the efficiency of the health care systems and would reduce the burden of specialists.

Aim: To describe the result of a telemedicine and network management of diabetic retinopathy supervised by an ophthalmological service.

Material And Methods: Diabetic patients attended in primary health care centers of the East Metropolitan Health Service in Santiago, Chile, derived for 45° digital retinographies were evaluated using telemedicine by the ophthalmologists of the base hospital.

Clinical features and possible founder mutation of the 8bp duplication mutation in the SLC4A11 gene causing corneal dystrophy and perceptive deafness in three South American families.

Background: Corneal Dystrophy and Perceptive Deafness (CDPD) or Harboyan syndrome is an autosomal recessive rare disorder, characterized by congenital corneal opacities and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, which usually begins after the second decades of life. This study reports the ophthalmic, audiological and genetic features, in five CDPD affected patients from three Chilean families.

Materials And Methods: Five individuals affected with CDPD from three unrelated Chilean families were clinically and genetically examined.

[A model of ophthalmological network care including primary care centers and a tertiary care hospital].

Background: Primary care units of ophtalmology (UAPO) were incorporated in 2003 into the healthcare system of the Ministry of Health, in response to the high demand for hospital care. Three of these primary care units were incorporated to provide a network care with the ophthalmology service of a tertiary care hospital.

Aim: To report the public health impact of networking.

Effectiveness of sampling methods employed for Acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosis by culture.

Purpose: This retrospective, observational study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the sampling methods commonly used for the collection of corneal scrapes for the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) by culture, in terms of their ability to provide a positive result.

Methods: A total of 553 samples from 380 patients with suspected AK received at the Parasitology Section of the Public Health Institute of Chile, between January 2005 and December 2015, were evaluated. A logistic regression model was used to determine the correlation between the culture outcome (positive or negative) and the method for sample collection.

[History and functions of Chilean ophthalmologic primary care units].

The access to ophthalmological care in Chile has been historically a problem. Only at the end of the twentieth century concrete solutions were promoted. In 1960, Primary Care Ophthalmologic Units were created to ease the access to ophthalmology, due to the efforts of Professor Juan Arentsen.

Correction of high myopia with the PRL phakic intraocular lens.

Purpose: To assess the predictability, efficacy, safety, and complications of the PRL (CIBA Vision) phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) in the correction of high myopia.

Setting: Clínica Oftalmológica Pasteur, Santiago, Chile.

Methods: This prospective study comprised 53 eyes of 39 patients who received a PRL pIOL.

[Acanthamoeba keratitis treated with propamidine and polyhexamethyl biguanide (PHMB)].

Background: The diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis has increased since 1985 due to the massive use of contact lenses and a better knowledge of the disease by ophthalmologists. The use of biassociated therapy has resulted in a better prognosis and lower complication rate.

Aim: To report patients with acanthamoeba keratitis treated with the association of propamidine (Brolene) and polyhexamethylbiguanide (PHMB) 0.