Validation of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for an Investigation of Breast Cancer Screening Behaviour in Malaysia.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women's beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia.

How do befriending interventions alleviate loneliness and social isolation among older people? A realist evaluation study.

Background: Befriending is a popular way in which to intervene to combat loneliness and social isolation among older people. However, there is a need to improve our understanding about how these interventions work, for whom and in which contexts, to make the best use of the increasing investment in the provision and delivery of befriending services.

Methods: A realist evaluation was undertaken as it focuses on uncovering causal processes and interactions between mechanisms and contextual characteristics.

Phase transition mechanism and bandgap engineering of SbS at gigapascal pressures.

Earth-abundant antimony trisulfide (SbS), or simply antimonite, is a promising material for capturing natural energies like solar power and heat flux. The layered structure, held up by weak van-der Waals forces, induces anisotropic behaviors in carrier transportation and thermal expansion. Here, we used stress as mechanical stimuli to destabilize the layered structure and observed the structural phase transition to a three-dimensional (3D) structure.

A qualitative study on the needs of cancer caregivers in Vietnam.

Background: Vietnam has experienced a rapid increase in cancer incidence with many cancers (70%) being diagnosed at a late stage. The majority of physical and psychosocial care is provided by caregivers with minimal professional input. Due to limited resources in hospitals and social and cultural norms regarding caregiving in Vietnam, caregivers provide a range of supportive functions for family members diagnosed with cancer.

The Effect of Corticosteroid Injections on Postoperative Infections in Trigger Finger Release.

Background: Corticosteroid injections have proven benefit in the treatment of symptomatic trigger finger; however, the immune system and tissue repair modulating properties of corticosteroids justify further consideration in surgical candidates. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between corticosteroid injections and postoperative infection in trigger finger release.

Methods: A single-center retrospective review was conducted of patients seen from 2010 to 2019 to identify those who underwent trigger finger release with subsequent antibiotic prescription for chart-documented wound infection.

Acceptability of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults: Umbrella Review.

Background: Mental ill-health presents a major public health problem. A potential part solution that is receiving increasing attention is computer-delivered psychological therapy, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic as health care systems moved to remote service delivery. However, computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) requires active engagement by service users, and low adherence may minimize treatment effectiveness.

CRISPR/Cas9 modified An. gambiae carrying kdr mutation L1014F functionally validate its contribution in insecticide resistance and combined effect with metabolic enzymes.

Insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes is a major obstacle in maintaining the momentum in reducing the malaria burden; mitigating strategies require improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Mutations in the target site of insecticides (the voltage gated sodium channel for the most widely used pyrethroid class) and over-expression of detoxification enzymes are commonly reported, but their relative contribution to phenotypic resistance remain poorly understood. Here we present a genome editing pipeline to introduce single nucleotide polymorphisms in An.

Breast Cancer Screening in Malaysia: A Policy Review.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among Malaysian women. The implementation of prevention measures including screening has the potential to reduce the burden of breast cancer which caused by late presentation.

Aims: This paper aimed to review the public health policy relating to breast cancer screening in Malaysia that was undertaken in order to contribute to policy development regarding cancer prevention, detection and the improvement of services for Malaysian women.

Pressure-Induced Synthesis and Properties of an HS-HSe-H Molecular Alloy.

The chalcogens are known to react with one another to form interchalcogens, which exhibit a diverse range of bonding and conductive behavior due to the difference in electronegativity between the group members. Through a series of high-pressure diamond anvil experiments combined with density functional theory calculations, we report the synthesis of an S-Se hydride. At pressures above 4 GPa we observe the formation of a single solid composed of both HSe and HS molecular units.

Comparison of four outdoor mosquito trapping methods as potential replacements for human landing catches in western Kenya.

Introduction: Longitudinal monitoring of outdoor-biting malaria vector populations is becoming increasingly important in understanding the dynamics of residual malaria transmission. However, the human landing catch (HLC), the gold standard for measuring human biting rates indoors and outdoors, is costly and raises ethical concerns related to increased risk of infectious bites among collectors. Consequently, routine data on outdoor-feeding mosquito populations are usually limited because of the lack of a scalable tool with similar sensitivity to outdoor HLC.

Predictors of airway intervention in acute supraglottitis (AS), a recent 7- year experience.

Aims: Acute supraglottitis (AS) can be a life threatening infection that may lead to sudden airway obstruction. Thankfully, paediatric instances have decreased with public health vaccination programmes. Owing to the nature of the location of pathology, this time sensitive emergency requires astute clinical acumen and awareness of early warning signs.

Sleep Loss Drives Brain Region-Specific and Cell Type-Specific Alterations in Ribosome-Associated Transcripts Involved in Synaptic Plasticity and Cellular Timekeeping.

Sleep and sleep loss are thought to impact synaptic plasticity, and recent studies have shown that sleep and sleep deprivation (SD) differentially affect gene transcription and protein translation in the mammalian forebrain. However, much less is known regarding how sleep and SD affect these processes in different microcircuit elements within the hippocampus and neocortex, for example, in inhibitory versus excitatory neurons. Here, we use translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and hybridization to characterize the effects of sleep versus SD on abundance of ribosome-associated transcripts in Camk2a-expressing (Camk2a) pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in the hippocampus and neocortex of male mice.

The diagnostic yield of transthoracic echocardiography in the intensive care unit: A retrospective observational analysis.

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a commonly requested ICU investigation. Despite this, limited data exist regarding the diagnostic yield of unselected TTEs in a heterogenous ICU population.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study was performed.

Electrographic Seizures and Outcome in Critically Ill Children.

Objective: To determine the association between electroencephalographic seizure (ES) and electroencephalographic status epilepticus (ESE) exposure and unfavorable neurobehavioral outcomes in critically ill children with acute encephalopathy.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of acutely encephalopathic critically ill children undergoing continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG). ES exposure was assessed as (1) no ES/ESE, (2) ES, or (3) ESE.

Using innovative models in transition to practice and Master's Entry programs to teach ambulatory and primary care nursing.

With advancements in health care and changes in reimbursement that contribute to shorter hospitalizations, health care delivery is increasingly shifting to other settings to include skilled nursing, home care, and outpatient areas. There is a well-documented shortage of hospital-based capacity for clinical placements in California. The need for clinical placements is creating an opportunity to utilize ambulatory care settings as innovative alternative learning experiences for prelicensure nursing students.

Financial toxicity due to breast cancer treatment in low- and middle-income countries: evidence from Vietnam.

Background: This study examined the financial toxicity faced by breast cancer (BC) patients in Vietnam and the factors associated with the risk and degree of that toxicity.

Methods: A total of 309 BC patients/survivors completed an online survey (n=209) or a face-to-face interview (n=100) at two tertiary hospitals. Descriptive statistics and χ tests were used to identify and analyse the forms and degree of financial toxicity faced by BC patients/survivors.

Factors influencing physical activity participation among people living with or beyond cancer: a systematic scoping review.

Background: It has been posited that physical activity (PA) has the potential to improve health outcomes and the health-related quality of life of people living with or beyond cancer. Despite the well-documented health benefits of PA, there is a low level of PA among cancer patients. A systematic scoping review was conducted to investigate attitudes, perceptions, preferences and barriers vs.

Development of a Low-Cost, Modular Muscle-Computer Interface for At-Home Telerehabilitation for Chronic Stroke.

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Recent studies have shown that high doses of repeated task-specific practice can be effective at improving upper-limb function at the chronic stage. Providing at-home telerehabilitation services with therapist supervision may allow higher dose interventions targeted to this population.

Experience of child welfare services and long-term adult mental health outcomes: a scoping review.

Purpose: This is the first comprehensive review of empirical research that investigated the association between receipt of child welfare services and adult mental health outcomes. The review summarised the results of studies about mental health outcomes of adults with a history of child welfare involvement.

Methods: A scoping review methodology was used to search five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, IBSS, Social Policy and Practice).

Injury and Mortality Profiles in Level II and III Trauma Centers.

Background: While the benefit of admission to trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers is well-documented and differences in outcomes between Level-I and Level-II trauma centers are well-studied, data on the differences in outcomes between Level-II trauma centers (L2TCs) and Level-III trauma centers (L3TCs) are scarce.

Objectives: We sought to compare mortality risk between patients admitted to L2TCs and L3TCs, hypothesizing no difference in mortality risk for patients treated at L3TCs compared to L2TCs.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the 2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was performed.

Machine learning models to predict electroencephalographic seizures in critically ill children.

Objective: To determine whether machine learning techniques would enhance our ability to incorporate key variables into a parsimonious model with optimized prediction performance for electroencephalographic seizure (ES) prediction in critically ill children.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective observational cohort study of 719 consecutive critically ill children with encephalopathy who underwent clinically-indicated continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG). We implemented and compared three state-of-the-art machine learning methods for ES prediction: (1) random forest; (2) Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO); and (3) Deep Learning Important FeaTures (DeepLIFT).

Early warning scores and critical care transfer - patient heterogeneity, low sensitivity, high mortality.

Background: Emergency warning systems (EWS) are becoming a standard of care, but have unproven screening value in early critical illness. Similarly, emergency response team (ERT) care is of uncertain value. These questions are most controversial in mixed patient populations, where screening performance might vary, and intensivist-led ERT care might divert resources from existing patients.