Integrating existing and novel methods to understand organizational context: A case study of an academic-public health department partnership.

Purpose: In this manuscript we illustrate how implementation science (IS) researchers and practitioners can deploy and integrate existing and novel methods to develop a more comprehensive understanding of organizational context, particularly organizational routines and processes, to inform adaptation and implementation of evidence-based interventions.

Methods: The work reported here was part of a broader investigation of how to adapt and implement a three-component combination intervention in a county health department in Mobile, Alabama. Based on pre-implementation efforts to assess local context and barriers to implementation, we first describe three approaches that can be effectively used to elucidate organizational routines and processes, followed by a description of how these approaches were applied in our study.

Correction: A target enrichment approach for enhanced recovery of Synchytrium endobioticum nuclear genome sequences.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A low molecular weight dextran sulphate, ILB®, for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): An open-label, single-arm, single-centre, phase II trial.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig´s disease, is a rare neurological condition and is the most common motor neurone disease. It is a fatal disease with specific loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and motor cortex leading to progressive paralysis and usually death within five years of diagnosis. There remains no cure for ALS, and management is focused on a combination of neuroprotective medication, respiratory support, and management by multidisciplinary clinics.

A target enrichment approach for enhanced recovery of Synchytrium endobioticum nuclear genome sequences.

Potato wart disease is caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum. DNA extraction from compost, purified spores and crude wart tissue derived from tuber galls of infected potatoes often results in low S. endobioticum DNA concentration or highly contaminated with DNA coming from other microorganisms and the potato host.

Growing New Zealand Research Capability Using Degree-Based Education: a Commentary After 20 Years of Massage Therapy Graduates.

As massage therapy educators, we started with a desire to cement a place for massage therapy as a legitimate and viable health service. A bachelor degree, underpinned by research-informed education, was the selected mode. In December 2023, our 20th cohort of bachelor degree students will graduate.

The effectiveness of play as an intervention using International Classification of Functioning outcome measures for children with disabilities - a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Purpose: Over 240 million children worldwide experience inequities due to disablement/disability. Play is important for children's global development, to enable participation in life, and has been used in therapeutic settings. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of play used in therapy for children with disabilities, to explore ways that play is used in therapy, and to classify and map outcome measures used in play-based interventions to the International Classification of Functioning.

Cost of Care for Patients With Cirrhosis.

Introduction: There are limited longitudinal data on the cost of treating patients with cirrhosis, which hampers value-based improvement initiatives.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis seen in the Veterans Affairs health care system from 2011 to 2015. Patients were followed up through 2019.

Retrospective audit of a convenience cohort of individuals on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Alberta, Canada.

Background: We undertook an audit of a province-wide HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program in Alberta (Canada).

Methods: A retrospective record review of individuals accessing PrEP in Alberta included demographics, PrEP indication(s), and reported non-prescription drug and alcohol use from March 2016 to June 2019. Hepatitis A, B, C, HIV and syphilis serology, serum creatinine, and nucleic acid amplification tests testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea were collected.

Two mental models of integrated care for advanced liver disease: qualitative study of multidisciplinary health professionals.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present two divergent mental models of integrated advanced liver disease (AdvLD) care among 26 providers who treat patients with AdvLD.

Setting: 3 geographically dispersed United States Veterans Health Administration health systems.

Participants: 26 professionals (20 women and 6 men) participated, including 9 (34.

Clinical spotlight intervention to accelerate translation of evidence-based practices in primary care.

Evidence-based medical practice is often slow to diffuse into widespread clinical practice. To accelerate translation of updated best practices into clinical care, we developed a quality improvement intervention called the 'Clinical Spotlight'. This programme was based on a knowledge translation model of four steps: education on evidence-based practices, using Lean for incorporation into patient care flow, support of implementation and sustainability, and measurement of outcomes.

Longitudinal Associations of Risk Factors and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cured Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Introduction: There are limited data on the effect and evolution of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with virologically cured hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HCV who achieved sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals from 130 Veterans Administration hospitals during 2014-2018, followed through 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed at 3 landmark times (baseline and 12 and 24 months after sustained virological response) to examine associations between demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and HCC risk, stratified by cirrhosis status.

Barriers to Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multicenter Cohort.

Importance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is underused in clinical practice, which may be owing to patient and clinician barriers.

Objective: To characterize HCC surveillance barriers and associations with clinical outcomes in a multicenter cohort of patients with cirrhosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included 5 medical centers in the United States.

Toxicological Assessment of Flavor Ingredients in E-Vapor Products.

Many flavor ingredients are often used in potentially reduced-risk tobacco products (such as e-vapor products). Although most are "generally recognized as safe (GRAS)" when used in food, there is limited information available on their long-term health effects when delivered by inhalation. While obtaining route-of-exposure-specific toxicological data on flavor ingredients is critical to product evaluation, the large number of individual flavor ingredients available and their potential combinations render classical toxicological assessment approaches impractical, as they may require years of preclinical investigations and thousands of laboratory animals.

Influence of Nitrite on Formation of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols.

Tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) formation occurred during aerosol generation from select commercial cig-a-like e-cigarette products. To understand the drivers behind the potential formation of TSNAs in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosols and e-liquids, model e-liquid systems were generated in the lab to demonstrate that nitrite can react with nicotine and minor alkaloids to form TSNAs in e-liquids. In the presence of nitrite and nicotine, TSNA levels in e-liquids increased over time and the process was accelerated by elevated temperature.

Prognosis conversations in advanced liver disease: A qualitative interview study with health professionals and patients.

Advanced Liver Disease (AdvLD) is common, morbid, and associated with high likelihood of death. Patients may not fully understand their prognosis and are often unprepared for the course of illness. Little is known about how and when to deliver prognosis-related information to patients with AdvLD, who should participate, and what should be discussed.

A Web-Based, Population-Based Cirrhosis Identification and Management System for Improving Cirrhosis Care: Qualitative Formative Evaluation.

Background: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver, is a debilitating condition that affects millions of US adults. Early identification, linkage to care, and retention of care are critical for preventing severe complications and death from cirrhosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a preimplementation formative evaluation to identify factors that could impact implementation of the Population-Based Cirrhosis Identification and Management System (P-CIMS) in clinics serving patients with cirrhosis.

Factors Associated With Access to and Receipt of Liver Transplantation in Veterans With End-stage Liver Disease.

Importance: Organ scarcity means few patients with advanced liver disease undergo a transplant, making equitable distribution all the more crucial. Disparities may arise at any stage in the complex process leading up to this curative therapy.

Objective: To examine the rate of and factors associated with referral, wait-listing, and receipt of liver allografts.

Development, Validation, and Evaluation of a Simple Machine Learning Model to Predict Cirrhosis Mortality.

Importance: Machine-learning algorithms offer better predictive accuracy than traditional prognostic models but are too complex and opaque for clinical use.

Objective: To compare different machine learning methods in predicting overall mortality in cirrhosis and to use machine learning to select easily scored clinical variables for a novel cirrhosis prognostic model.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prognostic study used a retrospective cohort of adult patients with cirrhosis or its complications seen in 130 hospitals and affiliated ambulatory clinics in the integrated, national Veterans Affairs health care system from October 1, 2011, to September 30, 2015.

Early Growth Parameters as Predictors of Developmental Delay Among Children Conceived During the 2015-2016 Zika Virus Outbreak in Northeastern Brazil.

Background: Identifying infants with congenital infection for early intervention will likely be challenging in future Zika virus outbreaks. We investigated indicators of risk for developmental delay among children born with and without obvious manifestations of congenital Zika virus infection.

Methods: We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraíba, Brazil.

Formation of Diacetyl and Other α-Dicarbonyl Compounds during the Generation of E-Vapor Product Aerosols.

Exposure to diacetyl (DA) has been linked to the respiratory condition bronchiolitis obliterans. Previous research has demonstrated that DA and other α-dicarbonyl compounds can be detected in both the e-liquids and aerosols of e-vapor products (EVPs). While some EVP manufacturers may add these compounds as flavor ingredients, the primary objective of this work was to determine the potential for the formation of α-dicarbonyl compounds during the generation of aerosols from EVPs where no DA or other α-dicarbonyl compounds are added to the e-liquid.

Functional Outcomes among a Cohort of Children in Northeastern Brazil Meeting Criteria for Follow-Up of Congenital Zika Virus Infection.

Following the large outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere, many infants have been born with congenital Zika virus infection. It is important to describe the functional outcomes seen with congenital infections to allow for their recognition and appropriate interventions. We evaluated 120 children conceived during the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in Paraíba, Brazil, who were approximately 24 months old, to assess functional outcomes.

Pathogenicity and a TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Specific Detection of , a Bacterial Pathogen of Onions.

Bacterial diseases of onion are reported to cause significant economic losses. Brady, one of the pathogens causing the center rot on onions, has not yet been reported in Canada. We report the pathogenicity of on commercially available Canadian green onions (scallions).

Integrated Model for Patient-Centered Advanced Liver Disease Care.

Advanced liver disease (AdvLD) is a high-risk common condition with a progressive, highly morbid, and often fatal course. Despite effective treatments, there are substantial shortfalls in access to and use of evidence-based supportive and palliative care for AdvLD. Although patient-centered, chronic illness models that integrate early supportive and palliative care with curative treatments hold promise, there are several knowledge gaps that hinder development of an integrated model for AdvLD.

Comparative genomics of chytrid fungi reveal insights into the obligate biotrophic and pathogenic lifestyle of Synchytrium endobioticum.

Synchytrium endobioticum is an obligate biotrophic soilborne Chytridiomycota (chytrid) species that causes potato wart disease, and represents the most basal lineage among the fungal plant pathogens. We have chosen a functional genomics approach exploiting knowledge acquired from other fungal taxa and compared this to several saprobic and pathogenic chytrid species. Observations linked to obligate biotrophy, genome plasticity and pathogenicity are reported.