Evaluation of the Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Exposed to Antenatal Indomethacin.

Objective: Evidence is limited about important maternal and neonatal risk factors that affect neonatal renal function. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and identification of associated risk factors in neonates exposed to antenatal indomethacin was studied.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of neonates exposed to antenatal indomethacin within 1 week of delivery was analyzed for development of AKI up to 15 days of life.

Morphine: An Effective Abortive Therapy for Pediatric Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Hypoxic Brain Injury.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by hyperadrenergic activity and autonomic dysfunction. Also termed autonomic storms, PSH can occur after a variety of cerebral insults, most commonly traumatic brain injury. Limited pediatric literature is available, especially in patients with brain injury from hypoxia.

New Antiretroviral Therapies for Pediatric HIV Infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome affect millions of children worldwide. The development of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the morbidity and mortality of pediatric patients infected with HIV. Currently, 4 classes of antiretroviral agents exist: nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and entry inhibitors.

Efficacy and tolerability of extended-interval aminoglycoside administration in pediatric patients.

Aminoglycosides are commonly used to treat serious Gram-negative infections in pediatric patients. An effort to improve the efficacy and tolerability of this antibiotic class has led to evaluation of extended-interval aminoglycoside administration (EIAA). EIAA is designed to achieve higher peak plasma aminoglycoside concentrations, with relatively undetectable trough concentrations, when compared with conventional aminoglycoside administration (CAA), and is therefore expected to be markedly effective and to reduce drug accumulation and prevent nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.