Professional liability in dentistry: structure and causes of judicial litigation.

The great advances in diagnostic and therapeutic skills of most sectors of medicine and dentistry have led to an increasingly greater demand from patients for accuracy, attention and diligence by healthcare workers. Dentistry is one of the branches most frequently involved in claims for damages from malpractice, especially in those sectors that are particularly costly and of significant aesthetic value. Aim of the study was to compare data of malpractice claims with those of other Authors to identify similarities and/or differences in the results and to increase epidemiological knowledge in the area of dental malpractice.

Gender Violence During the Three Ages of Life and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review.

Children, women, and older people suffer different types of violence, which appears to have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relative lockdown. The aim of this study is to analyze the literature about gender violence and abuse in the different ages of life and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Data were obtained from an electronic literature search using various online sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Web of Science.

Vehicular homicide or cardiovascular event? The importance of the autopsy findings.

We present the case of a 61 years old woman who was hit by a car, resulting in fractures of the pubic bone, left ischium-pubis ramus and right femur, with need of hip replacement surgery. In the next days she was affected by two episodes of acute coronary syndrome, treated with coronary angioplasty surgery. After undergoing total hip replacement surgery an episode of asystole caused her death.

The forensic value of the gastric content in head trauma injuries: A case report.

We present the case of a 69 years old man who was hit by a car while crossing the road. A CT scan of the skull and brain showed fracture of the left occipital bone, bilateral hemispheric subarachnoid hemorrhage, right frontal-temporal-parietal subdural hematoma with a shift of midline structures of 18 mm and complete obliteration of the third ventricle. He showed signs of anisocoria, absence of mobility of all 4 limbs and was immediately intubated and admitted to intensive care.

Is there a lesser value type of violence? Older people abuse: "The silence of the lambs".

The World Health Organization (WHO) describes gender violence as a real global health problem with a major impact not only on the victims' physical and mental health, but also on the economics of the National Health System. Gender-based violence has been also extended to all types of subjects defined as fragile: children, elderly, women, men and disabled people. Older people abuse, more frequent in women, is a far less socially debated issue, with many forms: physical, sexual, psychological, abandonment, neglect, economic-financial, pharmaceutical, discriminatory, institutional.

Comparison between vaginal and laparoscopic cerclage in women with mid-trimester pregnancy loss or history of spontaneous preterm delivery.

Background: Women with unfavorable obstetric history can benefit from prophylactic cerclage ("history indicated") which can be performed vaginally or transabdominally with laparoscopic techniques. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness in the prevention of preterm birth of the vaginal technique and of the minimally invasive laparoscopic technique in women with an unfavorable obstetric history.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study examining elective cerclages performed in women with adverse obstetrics history.

Medico-Legal Issues in Cremation: Comparative Analysis of International Legislation.

Cremation has seen a constant increase in popularity all around the world. Because of its extensively destructive nature, however, a series of medico-legal issues arise concerning identification, forensic autopsy, external examination, histological, toxicological and genetic exams to be performed not in the immediacy of death. The aim of this study is to compare the international legislation on cremation, seeking the response of various countries to their medico-legal issues.

Hypertensive disorders and maternal hemodynamic changes in pregnancy: monitoring by USCOM device.

Hypertensive disorders are quite common, complicating about 10% of pregnancies, while preeclampsia occurs in 2-8% of cases. The most recognized etiopathogenetic factor for the development of preeclampsia is deficient remodeling of the spiral arteries during trophoblastic invasion. Recently, some authors speculated about the "cardiovascular origin of preeclampsia"; in particular, they postulate that placental dysfunction is not the primum movens of preeclampsia, but it could be caused by a failure of the maternal cardiovascular system to adapt to the pregnancy itself.

Increased nuchal translucency can be ascertained using transverse planes.

Background: The detection of increased nuchal translucency is crucial for the assessment risk of aneuploidies and other fetal anomalies.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the ability of a transverse view of the fetal head to detect increased fetal nuchal translucency at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation.

Study Design: This was a prospective study enrolling a nonconsecutive series of women who attended our outpatient clinic from January 2020 to April 2021 for combined screening and were examined by operators certified by the Fetal Medicine Foundation.

The correlation between transperineal ultrasound assessment of the levator ani muscle and postpartum urinary incontinence.

Aims: The primary aim of the present study was to assess the association between levator ani muscle (LAM) integrity and function on the one hand, and the risk of urinary incontinence (UI) on the other. A secondary objective was to assess the association between fundal pressure in the second stage of labor (Kristeller maneuver) and the risk of postpartum UI.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, women underwent a clinical and transperineal ultrasound examination at rest, at pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC), and at Valsalva maneuver 3-6 months after their first vaginal delivery.

Usefulness of USCOM® evaluation in women with chronic hypertension who developed severe preeclampsia with low platelets and elevated liver enzymes.

Cardiovascular changes that occur during pregnancy have been recently described and are matter of debate; during gestation we observe an increase in cardiac output and a reduction of peripheral total vascular resistance (TVR). In pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders, instead, these changes are lacking, with a persisting low cardiac output and high peripheral resistances. In this case report, we observed that in patients with chronic hypertension TVR are high, while the cardiac output is able to face the needs of pregnancy.

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens.

Fetal head progression and regression on maternal pushing at term and labor outcome.

Objectives: The aim of our study was two-fold. First, to evaluate the association between the change in the angle of progression (AoP) on maternal pushing and labor outcome. Second, to assess the incidence and clinical significance of the reduction of AoP on maternal pushing.

Transperineal ultrasound assessment of maternal pelvic floor at term and fetal head engagement.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between pelvic floor dimensions in nulliparous women at term and fetal head engagement, as assessed by transperineal ultrasound.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of nulliparous women at term. Before the onset of labor, transperineal ultrasound was used to measure the anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the levator hiatus and the angle of progression (AoP) at rest, on maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction and on maximum Valsalva maneuver (before and after visual feedback).

Reliability of transperineal ultrasound for the assessment of the angle of progression in labor using parasagittal approach versus midsagittal approach.

Objective: To assess the inter-method agreement between midsagittal (msAoP) and parasagittal (psAoP) measurements of the angle of progression (AoP) during labor. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between AoP measurements by both midsagittal and parasagittal approaches with the mode of delivery.

Methods: We recruited a nonconsecutive series of women in active labor with a singleton uncomplicated term pregnancy with fetuses in vertex presentation.

Antiviral Medications, Part 1: Treating Herpes and Influenza Viruses.

The pharmacotherapeutic goal of treatment with antiviral medica- tions is to slow viral replication, treat current symptoms, reduce transmission, and shorten the course of the disease process. Medical-surgical nurses play an instrumental role in safe medica- tion administration and patient monitoring.

[Interference of hemolysis in plasma urea determination. A comparison of 2 methods: classical Berthelot urease and the modified Berthelot urease].

The authors have tested the interference of the hemoglobin by two routine methods ( Berthelot classic and Berthelot modified) for the determination of plasmatic urea. From their work it appears that Berthelot classic method already presents a very sensible positive interference for hemoglobin at 0.04 g/dl level while for the Berthelot modified method such interference begins to be significant only for those values which are than 1.

[Determination of the diagnostic value of erythrocyte discrimination indices (Mentzer and Srivastava) and of glycerol lysis time (GLT 50) in microcytosis].

Many authors proposed erythrocytes discriminating functions to differentiate most common microcythemic hypochromic anemias (beta-thalassemia and iron deficiency). This study considers two of these discriminating functions: 1. Mentzer's index; 2.