sp. attachment shifts endothelium in vivo from pro- to anti-inflammatory profile in : evidence from systemic and capillary physiology.

This prospective, descriptive study focused on lung flukes ( sp., ) and their impact on systemic and individual capillary variables measured in pithed , a long-standing model for studies of capillary physiology. Three groups were identified based on attachment: no (No ), not attached ( Not Att), and attached ( Att).

Capillary tone: cyclooxygenase, shear stress, luminal glycocalyx, and hydraulic conductivity (Lp).

Control of capillary hydraulic conductivity (Lp) is the physiological mechanism that underpins systemic hydration. Capillaries form the largest surface of endothelial cells in any species with a cardiovascular system and all capillaries are exposed to the flow-induced force, shear stress (τ). Vasoactive molecules such as prostacyclin (cyclooxygenase product, COX) are released from endothelial cells in response to τ.

Ramp acceleration and hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) of living capillaries.

Living mesenteric capillaries with either an intact or disrupted glycocalyx were challenged with ramp change in shear stress (Deltatau). Animals (Rana pipiens) were divided randomly into two experimental groups, and two true capillaries (TC) per animal were investigated. The modified Landis technique was combined with intravital microscopy to view individual TC and assess hydraulic conductivity (L(p)), an index of capillary function.

Plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate in early and recent classes of fish.

The stable metabolite of nitric oxide in plasma is NOx, the sum of nitrite plus nitrate. Measures of plasma NOx may provide information about the nitric oxide tonus of the entire endothelium including capillary microvessels. Although data are available for mammalian species, plasma NOx measurements in early vertebrate species are scarce.

The effect of clinically relevant pressure duration on sacral skin blood flow and temperature in patients after acute spinal cord injury.

Objective: To test the effect of clinically relevant duration of pressure loading (2 h) on sacral skin blood flow (SBF) and skin temperature in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) within 24 to 96 hours after injury compared with subjects with acute orthopedic trauma and healthy subjects.

Design: Three-group, repeated-measures, inception cohort.

Setting: Three acute care hospitals in southern Thailand.

Effect of oral hydration on skin microcirculation in healthy young and midlife and older adults.

Clinically undetected underhydration lowers subcutaneous tissue oxygen, impairs healing and increases wound infection. This study examined the effect of supplemental oral hydration on noninvasive measures of skin temperature (T(s)), transcutaneous skin O(2) (PtcO(2)), and CO(2) (PtcCO(2)), and skin blood flow (laser Doppler fluxmetry [Flux]=concentration of moving blood cells [CMBC] x Velocity) in healthy adults. Nineteen Control and 18 Test (Hydrated) subjects participated.

Change in shear stress (Deltatau)/hydraulic conductivity (Lp) relationship after pronase treatment of individual capillaries in situ.

A complex glycoprotein meshwork covers the inner wall of blood vessels and is implicated in mechanotransduction of fluid shear stress (tau). A relationship between Deltatau and capillary Lp has been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Lp in response to Deltatau after exposing the capillary lumen to a mild, non-specific protease selected to disrupt its inner matrix.

Impact of pain on outcomes in long-term care residents with and without multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: To compare long-term care (LTC) residents with and without multiple sclerosis (MS); to compare admission status of pain, physical disability, pressure ulcers, depression, and cognitive performance in LTC residents with and without MS; and to examine the impact of MS and pain on outcomes 90 and 180 days after LTC admission.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a large data set.

Setting: LTC facilities in Missouri.

Elevated sacral skin temperature (T(s)): a risk factor for pressure ulcer development in hospitalized neurologically impaired Thai patients.

Pressure ulcer incidence and sacral skin temperature (T(s)) were measured in hospitalized neurologically impaired Thai patients ( n = 17) positioned supine and then laterally. Pressure ulcer incidence within 2 weeks of admission was 47%. Regardless of reclining position, mean sacral T(s) in subjects who developed a pressure ulcer was higher ( p < .

Nursing home quality and pressure ulcer prevention and management practices.

Objectives: To measure pressure ulcer quality indicator (QI) scores and to describe the self-reported skin integrity assessment, pressure ulcer risk assessment, and pressure ulcer prevention and treatment practices in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

Design: Retrospective analysis of a large data set and comparative survey.

Setting: LTCFs in Missouri.

Intact capillaries sensitive to rate, magnitude, and pattern of shear stress stimuli as assessed by hydraulic conductivity (Lp).

Magnitude of abrupt changes in fluid shear stress (Delta tau) correlates with capillary hydraulic conductivity (Lp). Cultured endothelial cells differentiate between rate of change in and pattern of fluid stimulation; however, neither rate nor pattern sensitivity has been evaluated in individual capillaries. We hypothesized that Lp would be greater following abrupt compared to slow Delta tau and that magnitude of Delta tau would correlate with Lp regardless of rate.

Species characterization of plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentration.

Experiments were designed to detect and determine differences between nitrite/nitrate concentration ([NOx]) in plasma across 15 species selected from seven classes of vertebrates. Blood collected in syringes was placed immediately into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-containing tubes and was centrifuged. Plasma [NOx] was determined by measurement of chemiluminescence.