Difficulties for cost-benefit analysis in the 2020 environmental impact statement to recover the endangered wild salmon and steelhead in the Columbia River Basin.

Runs of the endangered wild salmon/steelhead in the Columbia River basin may be only two to seven percent of historic levels. These fish are a common-pool resource, where stakeholders over-consume, pollute rivers and oceans, block passage with dams and culverts, operate net pen fish farms, and plant huge numbers of hatchery fish that compete with and hybridize wild fish. Rivers provide free or subsidized services that stakeholders covet, however recovery of the endangered wild fish requires that peoples utilizing the rivers and the ocean must constrain their behavior, often reducing their profit.