Automatic Classification of Thyroid Findings Using Static and Contextualized Ensemble Natural Language Processing Systems: Development Study.

Background: In the case of Korean institutions and enterprises that collect nonstandardized and nonunified formats of electronic medical examination results from multiple medical institutions, a group of experienced nurses who can understand the results and related contexts initially classified the reports manually. The classification guidelines were established by years of workers' clinical experiences and there were attempts to automate the classification work. However, there have been problems in which rule-based algorithms or human labor-intensive efforts can be time-consuming or limited owing to high potential errors.

Reversible Ligand Exchange in Atomically Dispersed Catalysts for Modulating the Activity and Selectivity of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Rational control of the coordination environment of atomically dispersed catalysts is pivotal to achieve desirable catalytic reactivity. We report the reversible control of coordination structure in atomically dispersed electrocatalysts via ligand exchange reactions to reversibly modulate their reactivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The CO-ligated atomically dispersed Rh catalyst exhibited ca.

Lattice Engineering to Simultaneously Control the Defect/Stacking Structures of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets to Optimize Their Energy Functionalities.

An effective lattice engineering method to simultaneously control the defect structure and the porosity of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was developed by adjusting the elastic deformation and chemical interactions of the nanosheets during the restacking process. The enlargement of the intercalant size and the lowering of the charge density were effective in increasing the content of oxygen vacancies and enhancing the porosity of the stacked nanosheets layer thinning. The defect-rich Co-Al-LDH-NO nanohybrid with a small stacking number exhibited excellent performance as an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst and supercapacitor electrode with a large specific capacitance of ∼2230 F g at 1 A g, which is the largest capacitance of carbon-free LDH-based electrodes reported to date.

Identification of Single-Atom Ni Site Active toward Electrochemical CO Conversion to CO.

Electrocatalytic conversion of CO into value-added products offers a new paradigm for a sustainable carbon economy. For active CO electrolysis, the single-atom Ni catalyst has been proposed as promising from experiments, but an idealized Ni-N site shows an unfavorable energetics from theory, leading to many debates on the chemical nature responsible for high activity. To resolve this conundrum, here we investigated CO electrolysis of Ni sites with well-defined coordination, tetraphenylporphyrin (N-TPP) and 21-oxatetraphenylporphyrin (NO-TPP).

A General Strategy to Atomically Dispersed Precious Metal Catalysts for Unravelling Their Catalytic Trends for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Atomically dispersed precious metal catalysts have emerged as a frontier in catalysis. However, a robust, generic synthetic strategy toward atomically dispersed catalysts is still lacking, which has limited systematic studies revealing their general catalytic trends distinct from those of conventional nanoparticle (NP)-based catalysts. Herein, we report a general synthetic strategy toward atomically dispersed precious metal catalysts, which consists of "trapping" precious metal precursors on a heteroatom-doped carbonaceous layer coated on a carbon support and "immobilizing" them with a SiO layer during thermal activation.