Resistance to permethrin alters the gut microbiota of Aedes aegypti.

Insecticide resistance has emerged as a persistent threat to the fight against vector-borne diseases. We compared the gut microbiota of permethrin-selected (PS) strain of Aedes aegypti relative to the parent (KW) strain from Key West, Florida. Bacterial richness but not diversity was significantly higher in PS strain compared to KW strain.

Permethrin Resistance in Affects Aspects of Vectorial Capacity.

, as one of the vectors transmitting several arboviruses, is the main target in mosquito control programs. Permethrin is used to control mosquitoes and get exposed due to its overuse and are now resistant. The increasing percentage of permethrin resistant has become an important issue around the world and the potential influence on vectorial capacity needs to be studied.

Profiling Transcripts of Vector Competence between Two Different Populations in Florida.

A Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in Italy in 2007 spread to include the islands of the Caribbean and most of the Americas and still circulates in Europe and Africa. Florida being close in distance to the Caribbean islands experienced a CHIKV outbreak in 2014 and continues to have a few travel-related cases each year. It is known that different environmental conditions in different regions can result in genetic variation that favor changes in competence to arbovirus.

Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in .

Mayaro virus is a mosquito-borne endemic to forests of tropical South America with a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and mosquitoes. Human infection with Mayaro virus causes a febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia and cases are often associated with exposure to tropical forest habitats. Human movement between tropical forest habitats and urban settings may allow for imported cases and subsequent local transmission by domestic mosquito .

Size of Openings in Water-Holding Containers: Impact on Oviposition by Mosquitoes.

To assess how a grate covering a catch basin impacts oviposition by mosquitoes, a field study was conducted in south Florida using containers with two types of covers, with openings of equal area, but different configurations. One opening mimicked a catch basin grate with 16 small openings, while the other cover had just one large opening. The number and presence of egg rafts in six of each container and cover combination was recorded over 18 nights at two field sites, consisting of a wastewater management facility area and residential subdivision.

Studies on the Anti-Angiogenic Activities of Wild and Cultivated Orostachys japonicus Extracts in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Orostachys japonicus has traditionally been used as a food product and a fork medicine in Asia to treat various diseases. Angiogenesis is a critical process that contributes to various chronic diseases via excessive delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Common anti-angiogenic drugs have serious problems related to high costs and side effects; thus, natural products with low costs and no cytotoxicity have garnered increasing interest.

Homologs of Human Dengue-Resistance Genes, and , Confer Antiviral Resistance in Mosquitoes.

Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and is a major public health concern. The study of innate mosquito defense mechanisms against DENV have revealed crucial roles for the Toll, Imd, JAK-STAT, and RNAi pathways in mediating DENV in the mosquito. Often overlooked in such studies is the role of intrinsic cellular defense mechanisms that we hypothesize to work in concert with the classical immune pathways to affect organismal defense.

Transcriptional Profile of Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins in Response to Zika and Chikungunya Viruses.

(L.) is the primary vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is evolutionarily conserved in many proteins associated with innate immunity in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants.

Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Genes Associated with Meiotic Drive System of .

is an important mosquito vector of several arboviruses, including dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and Chikungunya, which cause significant human morbidity and mortality globally. In certain populations of this mosquito, a native meiotic drive system causes abnormal spermatogenesis that results in highly male-biased progenies from some matings. Although the basic genetics and cytogenetics of the drive mechanism were elucidated, very little is known on a transcriptome level about how the meiotic drive phenotype is expressed in individual males.

Optimization of double-stranded RNAi intrathoracic injection method in .

RNA interference is widely used to analyze gene functions via phenotypic knockdown of target transcripts in mosquitoes, which transmit numerous mosquito-borne diseases. Functional analysis of mosquito genes is indispensable to understand and reduce transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in mosquitoes. Intrathoracic injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) remains the simplest and most customizable method in mosquitoes for functional analysis of the genes of interest.

The Effect of Permethrin Resistance on Transcriptome Following Ingestion of Zika Virus Infected Blood.

(L.) is the primary vector of many emerging arboviruses. Insecticide resistance among mosquito populations is a consequence of the application of insecticides for mosquito control.

(Diptera: Culicidae) From Florida Transmitted Zika Virus.

We report a laboratory colony of mosquitoes were experimentally able to salivate Zika virus (ZIKV, ) at 16 days post infection (dpi). ZIKV RNA was detected in bodies and in saliva deposited on filter paper cards with subsequent studies demonstrating the presence of live ZIKV in saliva.

Dengue serotype-specific immune response in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Background: Dengue viruses (DENV) are considered one of the most important emerging pathogens and dengue disease is a global health threat. The geographic expansion of dengue viruses has led to co-circulation of all four dengue serotypes making it imperative that new DENV control strategies be devised.

Objectives: Here we characterize dengue serotype-specific innate immune responses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using DENV from Puerto Rico (PR).

Transcription Profiling for Defensins of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) During Development and in Response to Infection With Chikungunya and Zika Viruses.

Aedes aegypti (L.) is a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. These viruses encounter a variety of induced defense responses from the innate immune system of the mosquito.

Evidence of Zika Virus RNA Fragments in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Field-Collected Eggs From Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil.

A major mosquito-borne viral disease outbreak caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) occurred in Bahia, Brazil, in 2015, largely due to transmission by the mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.). Detecting ZIKV in field samples of Ae.

The Effect of West Nile Virus Infection on the Midgut Gene Expression of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae).

The interaction of the mosquito and the invading virus is complex and can result in physiological and gene expression alterations in the insect. The association of West Nile virus (WNV) and mosquitoes results in measurable changes in gene expression; 22 gene products were shown previously to have altered expression. Sequence analysis of one product, CQ G1A1, revealed 100% amino acid identity to gram negative bacteria binding proteins (CPQGBP) in , (70%) and (63%) that function in pathogen recognition.

Assessment of esterase gene expression as a risk marker for insecticide resistance in Florida Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Esterases are enzymatic proteins known to play a role in insecticide resistance formation. To further our understanding of the development of insecticide resistance, we tested the gene expression level of a gene implicated in insecticide resistance (Temsha est-1) from Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in field mosquitoes. We found that the level of expression of TE-1 differed depending on the frequency of exposure to organophosphate insecticide through expression studies.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of hyaluronidase in the selective nerve root block of radiculopathy: a double blind, controlled clinical trial.

Study Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine the ability of hyaluronidase to provide longer lasting pain relief and functional improvement in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.

Overview Of Literature: Selective nerve root block (SNRB) is a good treatment option in lumbar radiculopathy.

Susceptibility of Florida Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to dengue viruses from Puerto Rico.

Locally acquired dengue cases in the continental U.S. are rare.

Genome sequence analysis of dengue virus 1 isolated in Key West, Florida.

Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes. In November 2010, a dengue outbreak was reported in Monroe County in southern Florida (FL), including greater than 20 confirmed human cases. The virus collected from the human cases was verified as DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) and one isolate was provided for sequence analysis.

Synergistic effect of rhein in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for a number of infections in humans that are difficult to treat, and as a result, is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. In the present study, in search of natural products capable of inhibiting this multidrug-resistant bacterium, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of rhein isolated from Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae) against 16 different strains of the bacterium.

Genetic mapping a meiotic driver that causes sex ratio distortion in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

An endogenous meiotic driver in the dengue and yellow fever vector mosquito Aedes aegypti can cause highly male-biased sex ratio distortion in crosses from suitable genetic backgrounds. We previously selected a strain that carries a strong meiotic drive gene (D) linked with the male-determining allele (M) on chromosome 1 in A. aegypti.

Transcript profiling of the meiotic drive phenotype in testis of Aedes aegypti using suppressive subtractive hybridization.

The meiotic drive gene in Aedes aegypti is tightly linked with the sex determination locus on chromosome 1, and causes highly male-biased sex ratios. We prepared cDNA libraries from testes from the Ae. aegypti T37 strain (driving) and RED strain (non-driving), and used suppressive subtraction hybridization techniques to enrich for T37 testes-specific transcripts.