Circulating tumor DNA detection improves relapse prediction in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal form of gynecological malignancy. Some EOC patients experience relapse after standard primary debulking surgery (PDS) and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Identifying molecular residual disease (MRD) by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection can timely signal the potential for relapse.

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in partially platinum-sensitive, platinum-resistant, or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: a prospective study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for patients with partially platinum-sensitive, platinum-resistant, or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer.

Methods: Patients with partially platinum-sensitive, platinum-resistant, or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer were recruited in this prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study. Eligible patients were given 4-6 cycles of PLD (40 mg/m2 on day 1, every 4 weeks).

A Multicenter Cohort Study on DNA Methylation for Endometrial Cancer Detection in Cervical Scrapings.

Background: The increasing incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) has highlighted the need for improved early detection methods. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel DNA methylation classifier, EMPap, for EC detection using cervical scrapings.

Methods: EMPap incorporated the methylation status of BHLHE22 and CDO1, along with age and body mass index (BMI), into a logistic regression model to calculate the endometrial cancer methylation (EM) score for identifying EC in cervical scrapings.

Humanized patient-derived xenograft mouse model bearing ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Objective: The study aimed to establish humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and evaluate their therapeutic responses.

Methods: PDX models and their humanized counterparts (CD34+ humanized PDX models) derived from the same tumor source were developed, and the therapeutic responses were compared between the models.

Results: Treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor significantly reduced tumor size in traditional OCCC PDX models (p=0.

GnRH-a-based fertility-sparing treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized designed clinical trial protocol.

Background: Around 4% of women receive an endometrial cancer diagnosis before turning 40, mainly those without prior childbirth experience and a strong desire to preserve their ability to conceive. Consequently, for young patients diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) or early endometrial carcinoma (EC), a fertility-preserving approach employing high-dose oral progesterone has been adopted. However, previous research has shown a notable relapse rate.

Efficacy and safety of an oral combination therapy of niraparib and etoposide in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer: a single arm, prospective, phase II study.

Objective: Non-platinum chemotherapy is used in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients but offers limited efficacy, especially in those who develop platinum resistance after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy. This phase II study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral niraparib plus etoposide in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer.

Methods: Platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy, histologically confirmed as non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer, regardless of biomarker status, were eligible.

Predicting outcomes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors using the modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification system.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of the modified International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification system in Chinese female patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and to identify predictive factors to enhance the risk classification system.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis, patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors who received surgery with/without chemotherapy were included. These patients had been followed-up by Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 to 2020.

Fertility-sparing re-treatment for endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients with progestin-resistance: a retrospective analysis of 61 cases.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the oncological and reproductive outcomes of fertility-preserving re-treatment in progestin-resistant endometrial carcinoma (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) women who desire to maintain their fertility.

Methods: Our study included 61 progestin-resistant EC/AEH patients. These patients underwent treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) solely or a combination of GnRHa with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUD) or aromatase inhibitor (AI).

Exploring the impact of PDGFD in osteosarcoma metastasis through single-cell sequencing analysis.

Purpose: The overall survival rate for metastatic osteosarcoma hovers around 20%. Responses to second-line chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies have demonstrated limited efficacy in metastatic osteosarcoma. Our objective is to validate differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways between non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma, employing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and additional functional investigations.

Clinicopathological features and surgical procedures of adnexal masses with abdominal pain in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Purpose: This study investigated the clinicopathological features and surgical procedures of adnexal masses with abdominal pain in pediatric and adolescent patients. Our objective was to better define the clinical presentation of adnexal torsion and to distinguish characteristics of those with torsion and those with an alternate diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 212 pediatric and adolescent patients was performed who admitted for abdominal pain and presenting with an adnexal mass between March 2012 to December 2019.

Urine and serum metabolomic analysis of endometrial cancer diagnosis and classification based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the urinary and serum metabolic pattern of endometrial cancer (EC) and establish diagnostic models to identify EC from controls, high-risk from low-risk EC, and type II from type I EC.

Method: This study included 146 EC patients (comprising 79 low-risk and 67 high-risk patients, including 124 type I and 22 type II) and 59 controls. The serum and urine samples were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PD-1 and TIGIT coexpressing CD8 + CD103 + tissue-resident memory cells in endometrial cancer as potential targets for immunotherapy.

Background: Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers; however, its efficacy in endometrial cancer (EC) remains suboptimal owing to the complex dynamics of the tumour immune microenvironment. This study focuses on exploring the potential of targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 gene (PD-1) and the T cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains gene (TIGIT) coexpressing tissue-resident memory cells in EC.

Methods: A comprehensive approach, utilizing RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and flow cytometry, was employed to analyse the expression patterns of PD-1 and TIGIT in the EC tumor environment and to characterize the phenotypic properties of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), particularly tissue-resident memory (T) cells.

ITGB2-ICAM1 axis promotes liver metastasis in BAP1-mutated uveal melanoma with retained hypoxia and ECM signatures.

Purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) with BAP1 inactivating mutations has a high risk of metastasis, but the mechanism behind BAP1 deficiency driving UM metastasis is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data comprised primary and metastatic UM with or without BAP1 mutations (MUTs) to reveal inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity among different groups. Then, an immune-competent mouse liver metastatic model was used to explore the role of ITGB2-ICAM1 in BAP1-associated UM metastasis.

Urine metabolomics for assessing fertility-sparing treatment efficacy in endometrial cancer: a non-invasive approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the urine metabolic change of endometrial cancer (EC) patients during fertility-sparing treatment and establish non-invasive predictive models to identify patients with complete remission (CR).

Method: This study enrolled 20 EC patients prior to treatment (PT) and 22 patients with CR, aged 25-40 years. Eligibility criteria consisted of stage IA high-grade EC, lesions confined to endometrium, normal hepatic and renal function, normal urine test, no contraindication for fertility-sparing treatment and no prior therapy.

Prognostic factors for pure ovarian immature teratoma and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I diseases.

Background: The prognostic factors for patients with pure ovarian immature teratoma (POIT) and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IA G2-G3 and IB-IC POIT remains controversial.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 155 POIT patients treated in our hospital between 2000 and 2022. The recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and potential prognostic factors of POIT patients were evaluated.

Survival outcomes and establishment of a novel risk stratification system in patients with ovarian yolk sac tumors.

Objective: To evaluate the survival outcomes and establish a risk stratification system in patients with ovarian yolk sac tumors (OYST).

Methods: The recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and prognostic factors were retrospectively evaluated in 151 OYST patients treated in our hospital between 2006 and 2022. A risk stratification system based on the identified prognostic factors was established.

Oncological and Reproductive Outcomes after Fertility-Sparing Surgery in Patients with Advanced-Stage Serous Borderline Ovarian Tumor: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Our study aimed to analyze the prognosis and reproductive outcomes of patients with advanced-stage serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOTs) who underwent fertility-sparing surgery (FSS). This study included patients aged ≤ 45 years diagnosed with advanced-stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics II and III) SBOTs who were treated with FSS. Conservative surgeries were performed in 65 patients with advanced-stage SBOT with a median age of 28 years (range, 16-44 years).

Advanced ovarian yolk sac tumor: upfront surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking?

Objective: To compare surgery and survival outcomes between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and primary debulking surgery in patients with advanced ovarian yolk sac tumor.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis, patients with stage III to IV ovarian yolk sac tumor or mixed germ cell tumors containing yolk sac tumor elements, and who underwent surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2011 and December 2021, were identified. Patient characteristics, treatment, and survival data were analyzed between the two groups.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals immune cell heterogeneity in acute myeloid leukaemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells after chemotherapy.

Purpose: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by the rapid clonal expansion of abnormally differentiated myeloid progenitor cells residing in a complex microenvironment. However, the immune cell types, status, and genome profile of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) microenvironment in AML patients after chemotherapy are poorly understood. In order to explore the immune microenvironment of AML patients after chemotherapy, we conducted this study for providing insights into precision medicine and immunotherapy of AML.

Molecular characteristics of gastric cancer with amplification.

Gastric cancer is a prevalent malignancy with a high degree of heterogeneity, which has led to a poor therapeutic response. Though there are numerous HER2-targeted medicines for HER2+ gastric cancer, many trials have not indicated an improvement in overall survival. Here 29 amplification (-Amp) type gastric cancer samples with WES and RNA-seq data were selected for investigation, which copy-number aberration (CNA) was +2.

YKL-40 derived from infiltrating macrophages cooperates with GDF15 to establish an immune suppressive microenvironment in gallbladder cancer.

Despite of the high lethality of gallbladder cancer (GBC), little is known regarding molecular regulation of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we determined tumor expression levels of YKL-40 and the molecular mechanisms by which YKL-40 regulates escape of anti-tumor immune surveillance. We found that elevated expression levels of YKL-40 in plasma and tissue were correlated with tumor size, stage IV and lymph node metastasis.

Survival outcomes and the prognostic significance of clinicopathological features in patients with endometrial clear cell carcinoma: a 35-year single-center retrospective study.

Background: To evaluate the oncological outcomes and the impact of clinicopathological factors on endometrial clear cell carcinoma (ECCC) outcomes.

Methods: Medical records of patients with primary ECCC treated at our center between 1985 and December 2020 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the endpoints.