Crucial Involvement of Heme Biosynthesis in Vegetative Growth, Development, Stress Response, and Fungicide Sensitivity of .

Heme biosynthesis is a highly conserved pathway from bacteria to higher animals. Heme, which serves as a prosthetic group for various enzymes involved in multiple biochemical processes, is essential in almost all species, making heme homeostasis vital for life. However, studies on the biological functions of heme in filamentous fungi are scarce.

Overexpression of Is Involved in Fludioxonil Resistance in by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of FgHog1.

is the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease in cereal crops worldwide. Resistance to fludioxonil has been reported in in the field, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, 152 fludioxonil-resistant (FR) mutants of were obtained by selection in vitro.

Phenamacril and carbendazim regulate trichothecene mycotoxin synthesis by affecting ROS levels in F. asiaticum.

Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium asiaticum is an important cereal crop disease, and the trichothecene mycotoxins produced by F. asiaticum can contaminate wheat grain, which is very harmful to humans and animals. To effectively control FHB in large areas, the application of fungicides is the major strategy; however, the application of different types of fungicides has varying influences on the accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins in F.

FaSmi1 Is Essential for the Vegetative Development, Asexual Reproduction, DON Production and Virulence of .

Smi1 is a protein required for cell cycle progression, morphogenesis, stress response and life span of . FaSmi1 was identified as a Smi1 homolog in a wheat scab pathogenic fungus strain 2021. The deletion of FaSmi1 leads to defects in mycelial growth, asexual reproduction, and virulence.

Deoxynivalenol in : Evaluation of Cyproconazole Stereoisomers and .

Cyproconazole (CPZ), a representative chiral triazole fungicide, is widely used to control Fusarium head blight (FHB). In this study, the stereoselective efficiency of CPZ was investigated and . Consistent results were observed between the bioassay and the visual disease rating, with the control efficacy ordered RS-CPZ > RR-CPZ > SR-CPZ > SS-CPZ.

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase FgSah1 is required for fungal development and virulence in .

The S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Sah1) plays a crucial role in methylation and lipid metabolism in yeast and mammals, yet its function remains elusive in filamentous fungi. In this study, we characterized Sah1 in the phytopathogenic fungus by generating knockout and knockout-complemented strains of . We found that the FgSah1-GFP fusion protein was localized to the cytoplasm, and that deletion of resulted in defects in vegetative growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, stress responses, virulence, lipid metabolism, and tolerance against fungicides.

Functional Roles of α-, α-, β-, and β-Tubulins in Vegetative Growth, Microtubule Assembly, and Sexual Reproduction of Fusarium graminearum.

The plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum contains two α-tubulin isotypes (α and α) and two β-tubulin isotypes (β and β). The functional roles of these tubulins in microtubule assembly are not clear. Previous studies reported that α- and β-tubulin deletion mutants showed severe growth defects and hypersensitivity to carbendazim, which have not been well explained.

Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death.

Filamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F.

Mutations at sterol 14α-demethylases (CYP51A&B) confer the DMI resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from grape.

Background: Grape anthracnose caused by the ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been widely controlled by demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) for decades in China. The resistance status and mechanism of C. gloeosporioides against DMIs is not well understood.

Involvement of the two L-lactate dehydrogenase in development and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) widely exists in organisms, which catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate into lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD. In this study, two L-type lactate dehydrogenase genes FgLDHL1 and FgLDHL2 were characterized in an ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum, a causal agent of wheat head blight. Both the single-gene deletion mutants of FgLDHL1 or FgLDHL2 exhibited phenotypic defects in vegetative growth, sporulation, spore germination, L-lactate biosynthesis and activity.

Involvement of a dihydrodipicolinate synthase gene (FaDHDPS1) in fungal development, pathogenesis and stress responses in Fusarium asiaticum.

Background: Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) is an allosteric enzyme, which catalyzes the first unique step of lysine biosynthesis in prokaryotes, higher plants and some fungi. To date, the biological roles of DHDPS in filamentous fungi are poorly understood.

Results: In this study, on the basis of comparative genome resequencing, a DHDPS gene was found to be specific in Fusarium asiaticum, named FaDHDPS1, which showed high amino acid identity to that of entomopathogenic fungus.

The Autophagy Gene Regulates the Vegetative Differentiation and Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea.

Autophagy is a conserved degradation process that maintains intracellular homeostasis to ensure normal cell differentiation and development in eukaryotes. is one of the key molecular components of the autophagy pathway. In this study, we identified and characterized , a homologue of (yeast) in the necrotrophic plant pathogen Yeast complementation experiments demonstrated that can functionally complement the defects of the yeast null mutant.

Ubiquitin-like activating enzymes BcAtg3 and BcAtg7 participate in development and pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea.

In eukaryotes, the ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein-activating enzymes play a crucial role in autophagy process, however, it is poorly characterized in filamentous fungi. Here, we investigated the functions of two UBL activating enzymes, BcAtg3 (E2) and BcAtg7 (E1) in the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The physical interaction of BcAtg3 with BcAtg7 was demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid system.