Diabetes knowledge, attitudes and practices among Chinese primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a public health crisis that requires adequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) by health care providers to prevent or delay the progression of the disease. This study aimed to assess the KAP regarding T2DM among primary care providers (PCPs) in Central China.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 971 PCPs using self-employed KAP questionnaires.

Primary care providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to prediabetes in China: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The management of prediabetes has great clinical significance, and primary care providers (PCPs) play important roles in the management and prevention of diabetes in China. Nevertheless, little is known about PCPs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding prediabetes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the KAP regarding prediabetes among PCPs in the Central China region.

Oxidative damage under As and/or Cu stress leads to apoptosis and autophagy and may be cross-talking with mitochondrial disorders in bursa of Fabricius.

Arsenic (As) exists in many forms in the whole natural environment, with As the highest toxicity. Herein our study demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (AsO) at a dose of 30 mg/kg caused serious oxidative damage to chickens' bursa of Fabricius (BF) in a time-dependent manner. Copper (Cu) is a necessary micronutrient and a key catalytic cofactor of many enzymes.

Elemental imbalance elicited by arsenic and copper exposures leads to oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in chicken gizzard, activating the protective effects of heat shock proteins.

Arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) are ubiquitous pollutants that pose a threat to the environment. Our aim is to study the underlying mechanisms by which As and Cu act on the chicken gizzard. In order to detect ionic disorders in chicken gizzard under chronic treatment with As and/or Cu and whether they can induce oxidative damage as well as immune disorders, 30 mg/kg arsenic trioxide (AsO) and/or 300 mg/kg copper sulfate (CuSO) were added to the chicken's basal diet.

Zinc alleviates arsenism in common carp: Varied change profiles of cytokines and tight junction proteins among two intestinal segments.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of zinc on inflammation and tight junction (TJ) in different intestinal regions of common carp under sub-chronic arsenic insult. Fish were exposed to zinc (0, 1 mg/L) and arsenic trioxide (0, 2.83 mg/L) in individual or combination for a month.

Arsenic trioxide or/and copper sulfate co-exposure induce glandular stomach of chicken injury via destruction of the mitochondrial dynamics and activation of apoptosis as well as autophagy.

Arsenic and copper are naturally occurring element. Contamination from natural processes and anthropogenic activities can be discovered all over the world and their unique interactions with the environment lead to widespread toxicity. When the content was excessive, the organism would be hurt seriously.

Hepatoprotective effects of zinc (II) via cytochrome P-450/reactive oxygen species and canonical apoptosis pathways after arsenite waterborne exposure in common carp.

Chronic arsenicosis has threatened the survival of aquatic animals with molecular mechanisms yet clear. In the present study, liver damage was evident by fluctuated activities of transaminases and declined ATPases in common carp under arsenic (As) exposure for 30 days. Mechanically, As significantly decreased cytochrome P-1A (CYP1A) activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, which corroborated mitochondrial dysfunction in the hepatocytes.

Targeting the miR-122/PKM2 autophagy axis relieves arsenic stress.

Arsenic (As) is a natural hepatotoxicity inducer that is found ubiquitously in foods and environmental media. We found that arsenite exposure elicits autophagy in vivo and vitro, the specific role and regulatory mechanism of which are yet clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that function in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.

The Activation of Heat-Shock Protein After Copper(II) and/or Arsenic(III)-Induced Imbalance of Homeostasis, Inflammatory Response in Chicken Rectum.

Arsenic and copper, two toxic pollutants, are powerful inducers of oxidative stress. Exposure to copper and arsenic can cause intestinal injury in cockerel. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these two pollutants on the gastrointestinal tract of cockerels.

The cardiotoxicity of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic and subsequently relieved by zinc supplementation.

Waterborne exposure to arsenic trioxide (AsO) is inevitable due to its widespread industrial and agricultural applications. Oxidative stress and cascaded programmed cell death is now hypothesized to be the dominant mechanisms of arseniasis evidenced in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to explore the interaction of divalent zinc ion (Zn), an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger with arsenite in the heart of common carp, and extensively investigated the exact signaling molecules involved.

The disturbance of autophagy and apoptosis in the gizzard caused by copper and/or arsenic are related to mitochondrial kinetics.

As toxic elements when excessive, arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) are two naturally occurring elements that may be ingested by the organism at the same time. However, the precise damaged mechanism and the pathways that are activated by As and/or Cu is rarely researched in gizzard, a unique organ of birds. In this study, ultrastructural observations, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the toxic effects of chronic exposure to Cu and/or arsenite on chicken gizzard.

Destruction of redox and mitochondrial dynamics co-contributes to programmed cell death in chicken kidney under arsenite or/and copper (II) exposure.

Background: Sub-chronic arsenic (arsenite) exposure-induced oxidative toxicity leads to adverse effects in various organ systems, especially the kidney. Copper sulphate (Cu), known for its extensive uses in agriculture, has also been reported to have pro-oxidation properties. Both of these two potential toxic elements can bio-accumulate through food chain, thus endangering human health.

Discrepant effects of copper (II) stress on different types of skeletal muscles in chicken: Elements and amino acids.

Different distributions of 28 elements and 17 amino acids in pectoralis, wing biceps brachii and leg gastrocnemius of chicken upon CuSO (300 mg/kg) exposure for 90 days were investigated. Accompanied by copper accumulation, pathological injuries were observed in those three kinds of skeletal muscles using histological and ultrastructural methods. Based on data obtained, we analyzed leg gastrocnemius displayed the most increases (P < 0.