High-visibility calculating ghost imaging with self-reconstruction capability and extendible depth-of-field.

We customized light speckle fields with both super-bunching and non-diffracting properties, accordingly named as the super-bunching, non-diffracting (SP-ND) speckle fields, by introducing pupil function of a ring aperture with azimuthally correlated phases in the vertically opposite angles. Calculating ghost imaging based on the SP-ND speckle fields was demonstrated to be of higher visibility, higher spatial resolution and larger depth of field than that based on the conventional speckle fields such as pseudo-thermal fields. Interestingly, the SP-ND speckles are also of self-healing capability in respect of not only the speckle intensity distribution but also the high-order coherence properties.

Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms.

Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are less noticeable than the respiratory symptoms, but they may be associated with disability and mortality in COVID-19. Even though Omicron caused less severe disease than Delta, the incidence of neurological manifestations is similar. More than 30% of patients experienced "brain fog", delirium, stroke, and cognitive impairment, and over half of these patients presented abnormal neuroimaging outcomes.

Sub-Anesthesia Dose of S-Ketamine Reduces Postoperative Pain and Anxiety in Patients Receiving Breast and Thyroid Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: Postoperative pain and anxiety affect patients' recovery and increase the family burden. S-ketamine presents analgesic effects and anti-depressive effects in clinics. The effect of a sub-anesthesia dose of S-ketamine on postoperative pain and anxiety remains to be clarified.

Ghost images with controllable visibility and spatial resolution.

We designed a kind of speckle field with controllable visibility and speckle grain size through a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm based on Fresnel diffraction. Ghost images with independently controllable visibility and spatial resolution were demonstrated based on the designed speckle fields, which could be of much higher visibility and spatial resolution than those with pseudothermal light. In addition, speckle fields capable of reconstructing ghost images simultaneously on multiple different planes were customized.

Treating highly complex anal fistula with a new method of combined intraoperative endoanal ultrasonography (IOEAUS) and transanal opening of intersphincteric space (TROPIS).

Introduction: Treatment of highly complex anal fistula is still a profound test for a specialist colorectal surgeon. The reasons are directly related to recurrence and incontinence.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical results of a combined method of intraoperative endoanal ultrasonography (IOEAUS) and transanal opening of the intersphincteric space (TROPIS).

Tools Are Needed to Promote Sedation Practices for Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

Suboptimal sedation practices continue to be frequent, although the updated guidelines for management of pain, agitation, and delirium in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients have been published for several years. Causes of low adherence to the recommended minimal sedation protocol are multifactorial. However, the barriers to translation of these protocols into standard care for MV patients have yet to be analyzed.

Glucose and pH Dual-Responsive Polymersomes with Multilevel Self-Regulation of Blood Glucose for Insulin Delivery.

Smart insulin delivery systems now play essential roles in diabetes treatment, whereas most existing systems suffer from insufficient regulation against blood glucose. Here, a glucose and pH dual-responsive insulin delivery system with multilevel self-regulation of blood glucose was constructed. Photocross-linked dual-responsive polymersomes were prepared by the self-assembly of the diblock copolymer methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)--poly[3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid--2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate--2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone] (mPEG--P(AAPBA--DEAEMA--BMA)) synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), where insulin and glucose oxidase (GOx) were co-encapsulated inside.

Dual-responsive polymersomes as anticancer drug carriers for the co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel.

Multi stimuli-responsive polymersomes are in high demand as smart drug carriers, particularly for the treatment of complex cancers. However, most polymersomes have multi-responsiveness that does not affect each other and focus on single drug loading. Here, we have designed photo-crosslinked temperature and pH dual-responsive polymersomes by the self-assembly of a triblock polymer of methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone] (mPEG-b-PNIPAM-b-P(DEAEMA-co-BMA)) synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT).

Photocatalytic degradation of dye by Ag/TiO nanoparticles prepared with different sol-gel crystallization in the presence of effluent organic matter.

TiO nanoparticle-doped Ag (Ag/TNPs) have good photocatalytic properties based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. The effluent organic matter (EfOM) can be easily activated by photo-excitation to promote pollutant photodegradation, but excessive EfOM has an inactive effect. Herein, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes of photocatalytic performance by Ag/TNPs in the presence of EfOM.

Correlation and expression analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, glucose transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase 5 in human gastric cancer.

The development and identification of novel potential targeting sites for intervention therapy are essential in the search for improved treatment methods for gastric cancer (GC). Previously, it has been reported that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a potential target gene involved in the endogenous hypoxic response and bioenergetic metabolism of GC cells. In the present study, with the assumption of a close interplay among HIF-1α, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5), 85 patients with GC were recruited and the protein and gene expression levels of HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDH-5 in tumor tissues were evaluated in order to assess clinical correlations and co-expression patterns, using Immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

The Influence of Age on Sensitivity to Dexmedetomidine Sedation During Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery.

To investigate the influence of age on sensitivity to dexmedetomidine sedation in adult patients, we selected 79 patients scheduled for lower limb orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia to identify the dexmedetomidine ED50 for adequate sedation among different age groups. After a spinal anesthetic was placed, a dose of dexmedetomidine determined by the Dixon up-and-down method was administered over 15 minutes. The ED50 in the elderly group was lower than in the other 2 groups (elderly: 0.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: Morbidly obese (body mass index ≥40 kg/m) and normal weight patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery were included (n = 8, each group). After baseline hemodynamic measurement, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was administered over 10 min.

Hexanediamine functionalized poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) particles for bilirubin removal.

In this study, we provided a facile method to prepare adsorbents with high content of amino groups for bilirubin removal. Poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) particle adsorbents were prepared through free radical solution copolymerization followed by a phase inversion technique. Amino groups were further introduced onto the particles by grafting 1,6-hexanediamine molecules.

Heparin-Like Chitosan Hydrogels with Tunable Swelling Behavior, Prolonged Clotting Times, and Prevented Contact Activation and Complement Activation.

The aim of this study was to create heparin-like chitosan hydrogels (HLCHs) for blood purification. Herein, we prepared two heparin-like chitosans (HLCSs) with various carboxymethyl and sulfate groups, followed by a cross-linking reaction with glutaraldehyde. The synthetic chitosan derivatives were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and NMR.

Continuous wound infusion of ropivacaine for the control of pain after thoracolumbar spinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out to observe the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine for postoperative pain following thoracolumbar spinal surgery.

Methods: Seventy-one patients with elective posterior thoracolumbar spinal surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Local group received 0.

Influence of material properties on TiO2 nanoparticle agglomeration.

Emerging nanomaterials are being manufactured with varying particle sizes, morphologies, and crystal structures in the pursuit of achieving outstanding functional properties. These variations in these key material properties of nanoparticles may affect their environmental fate and transport. To date, few studies have investigated this important aspect of nanoparticles' environmental behavior.

Accumulation and toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in a soft-sediment estuarine amphipod.

Estuarine and marine sediments are a probable end point for many engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) due to enhanced aggregation and sedimentation in marine waters, as well as uptake and deposition by suspension-feeding organisms on the seafloor. Benthic infaunal organisms living in sediments encounter relatively high concentrations of pollutants and may also suffer toxic effects of ENPs. We tested whether three heavily used metal oxide ENPs, zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and nickel oxide (NiO) were toxic to an estuarine amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus.

Dispersion stability and electrokinetic properties of intrinsic plutonium colloids: implications for subsurface transport.

Subsurface transport of plutonium (Pu) may be facilitated by the formation of intrinsic Pu colloids. While this colloid-facilitated transport is largely governed by the electrokinetic properties and dispersion stability (resistance to aggregation) of the colloids, reported experimental data is scarce. Here, we quantify the dependence of ζ-potential of intrinsic Pu(IV) colloids on pH and their aggregation rate on ionic strength.

Photoinduced disaggregation of TiO₂ nanoparticles enables transdermal penetration.

Under many aqueous conditions, metal oxide nanoparticles attract other nanoparticles and grow into fractal aggregates as the result of a balance between electrostatic and Van Der Waals interactions. Although particle coagulation has been studied for over a century, the effect of light on the state of aggregation is not well understood. Since nanoparticle mobility and toxicity have been shown to be a function of aggregate size, and generally increase as size decreases, photo-induced disaggregation may have significant effects.

Clay particles destabilize engineered nanoparticles in aqueous environments.

Given the ubiquity of natural clay minerals, the most likely interaction of nanoparticles released into an aquatic environment will be with suspended clay minerals. Thus, the transport of engineered nanoparticles in the subsurface and the water column will most likely be altered by their interaction with these minerals. We studied the interactions of two of the most produced nanoparticles, Ag and TiO(2), and montmorillonite to determine how heteroaggregation can alter the stability of nanoparticle/clay mineral mixtures.

Increased mobility of metal oxide nanoparticles due to photo and thermal induced disagglomeration.

Significant advances have been made on our understanding of the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials. One unexplored aspect of nanoparticle aggregation is how environmental stimuli such as light exposure and temperature variations affect the mobility of engineered nanoparticles. In this study, TiO(2), ZnO, and CeO(2) were chosen as model materials for investigating the mobility of nanoparticles under three external stimuli: heat, light and sonication.

Mobility of capped silver nanoparticles under environmentally relevant conditions.

The mobility and deposition of capped silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on silica surfaces were characterized over a wide range of pH and ionic strength (IS) conditions, including seawater and freshwater. Two common organic capping agents (citrate and PVP) were evaluated. Both the capped Ag NPs and the silica surfaces were negatively charged under these environmentally relevant conditions, resulting in net repulsive electrostatics under most conditions.