Fluorinated Iron Metal-Organic Frameworks for Activatable F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Tumors.

Due to their appealing physiochemical properties, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely employed in biomedical fields. In this study, we utilize ferric ions and fluorine-containing organic ligands as both structural and functional units to develop a stimulus-responsive nanoagent, FIMOF-TA nanoparticles, for activatable F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and synergistic therapy of tumors. This nanoagent could respond to excess GSH in a tumor microenvironment, discharging fluorinated organic ligands and reduced ferrous ions.

Glycan Metabolic Fluorine Labeling for In Vivo Visualization of Tumor Cells and In Situ Assessment of Glycosylation Variations.

The abnormality in the glycosylation of surface proteins is critical for the growth and metastasis of tumors and their capacity for immunosuppression and drug resistance. This anomaly offers an entry point for real-time analysis on glycosylation fluctuations. In this study, we report a strategy, glycan metabolic fluorine labeling (MEFLA), for selectively tagging glycans of tumor cells.

Macrophage Reprogramming via Targeted ROS Scavenging and COX-2 Downregulation for Alleviating Inflammation.

Inflammation-related diseases affect large populations of people in the world and cause substantial healthcare burdens, which results in significant costs in time, material, and labor. Preventing or relieving uncontrolled inflammation is critical for the treatment of these diseases. Herein, we report a new strategy for alleviating inflammation by macrophage reprogramming via targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) downregulation.

Metabolic fluorine labeling and hotspot imaging of dynamic gut microbiota in mice.

Real-time localization and microbial activity information of indigenous gut microbiota over an extended period of time remains a challenge with existing visualizing methods. Here, we report a metabolic fluorine labeling (MEFLA)-based strategy for monitoring the dynamic gut microbiota via F magnetic resonance imaging (F MRI). In situ labeling of different microbiota subgroups is achieved by using a panel of peptidoglycan-targeting MEFLA probes containing F atoms of different chemical shifts, and subsequent real-time in vivo imaging is accomplished by multiplexed hotspot F MRI with high sensitivity and unlimited penetration.

Bio-orthogonal Metabolic Fluorine Labeling Enables Deep-Tissue Visualization of Tumor Cells In Vivo by F Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The high resolution, deep penetration, and negligible biological background of F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) makes it a potential means for imaging various biological targets in vivo. However, the limited targeting strategies of current F MRI probes significantly restrict their applications for in vivo tracking of low-abundance targets and specific biological processes, which greatly stimulates the investigations on new targeting methods for F MRI. Herein, we report a strategy, termed as bio-orthogonal metabolic fluorine labeling, for selective cellular F labeling, which permits in vivo imaging of tumor cells with high specificity.

F Barcoding Enables Multiplex Detection of Biomarkers Associated with Organ Injury and Cancer.

Simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in complex environments is critical for the in-depth exploration of different biological processes, which is challenging for many current analytical methods due to various limitations. Herein, we report a strategy of F barcoding which takes the advantages of F's high magnetic resonance (MR) sensitivity, prompt signal response to environmental changes, negligible biological background, quantitative signal output, and multiplex capacity. A set of F-barcoded sensors responding to different biomarkers involved in organ injury and cancer are designed, synthesized, and characterized.

An Activatable F MRI Molecular Probe for Sensing and Imaging of Norepinephrine.

Norepinephrine (NE), acting as both a neurotransmitter and hormone, plays a significant role in regulating the action of the brain and body. Many studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between mental disorders and aberrant NE levels. Therefore, it is of urgent demand to develop in vivo analytical methods of NE for diagnostic assessment and mechanistic investigations of mental diseases.

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Soybean Insoluble Dietary Fiber on the Color Stability of Malvidin-3--glucoside.

Anthocyanins have great health benefits, especially malvidin. are rich in malvidin, and malvidin-3--glucoside (Mv3G) monomer is the most abundant. However, natural anthocyanins are unstable, which limits their wide application in the food field.

Drought soil legacy alters drivers of plant diversity-productivity relationships in oldfield systems.

Ecosystem functions are threatened by both recurrent droughts and declines in biodiversity at a global scale, but the drought dependency of diversity-productivity relationships remains poorly understood. Here, we use a two-phase mesocosm experiment with simulated drought and model oldfield communities (360 experimental mesocosms/plant communities) to examine drought-induced changes in soil microbial communities along a plant species richness gradient and to assess interactions between past drought (soil legacies) and subsequent drought on plant diversity-productivity relationships. We show that (i) drought decreases bacterial and fungal richness and modifies relationships between plant species richness and microbial groups; (ii) drought soil legacy increases net biodiversity effects, but responses of net biodiversity effects to plant species richness are unaffected; and (iii) linkages between plant species richness and complementarity/selection effects vary depending on past and subsequent drought.

Effect of Soybean Protein Isolate-7s on Delphinidin-3--Glucoside from Purple Corn Stability and Their Interactional Characterization.

Anthocyanins are abundant in purple corn and beneficial to human health. Soybean protein isolate-7s (SPI-7s) could enhance the stability of anthocyanins. The stable system of soybean protein isolate-7s and delphinidin-3--glucoside complex (SPI-7s-D3G) was optimized using the Box-Behnken design at pH 2.

Highly spatial variation of soil microbial respiration and temperature sensitivity in a subtropical forest.

Quantifying the spatial variation and drivers of microbe-driven soil carbon (C) decomposition (also called soil microbial respiration, MR) and its temperature sensitivity (Q) is crucial for reducing the uncertainty in modelling the terrestrial C cycle under global warming. To this end, most previous studies sampled soils from multiple sites at regional scales and incubated them at the same temperature level in the laboratory. However, this unified incubation temperature is too warm to the cold sites, and too cold to the warm sites, thus causing a large bias in the MR and Q estimations.

Activatable Multiplexed F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Visualizes Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are critical to many physiological and pathological processes. Because of the distinct differences in their biological generation and effects, simultaneously visualizing both of them could help deepen our insights into the mechanistic details of these processes. However, real-time and deep-tissue imaging and differentiation of ROS- and RNS-related molecular events in living subjects still remain a challenge.

Deep-tissue real-time imaging of drug-induced liver injury with peroxynitrite-responsive F MRI nanoprobes.

Peroxynitrite is an important biomarker for assessing drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which is critical for the development and use of drugs. Herein, we report the development of peroxynitrite-responsive self-assembled F MRI nanoprobes, which enable the sensitive imaging of peroxynitrite in L02 cells subjected to oxidative stress and living mice with DILI.

Identification of Stabilization of Malvid Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Stress Activation via the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway.

Rupr. "Beibinghong" is abundant in anthocyanins, including malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv3G), and malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (Mv35 G). Anthocyanins offer nutritional and pharmacological effects, but their stability is poor.

A DNA-functionalized biomass nanoprobe for the targeted photodynamic therapy of tumor and ratiometric fluorescence imaging-based visual cancer cell identification/antitumor drug screening.

Survivin is widely expressed in tumor tissue, in which the in situ ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular survivin mRNA can provide accurate information for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, as well as the screening of antitumor drugs. However, the development of a nanoprobe that can be used simultaneously in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors and the screening of antitumor drugs remains a challenge. In an effort to address these requirements, a multifunctional biomass nanoprobe was developed for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors as well as cancer cell identification and antitumor drug screening based on the ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular survivin mRNA.

Fluorinated Gadolinium Chelate-Grafted Nanoconjugates for Contrast-Enhanced -Weighted H and pH-Activatable F Dual-Modal MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most popular imaging techniques, which offers an ionization-free noninvasive means for imaging deep tissues with high resolution. Conventional H MRI is well versed in providing detailed anatomical information but suffers from low contrast for tracking biomarkers because of the abundance of water in living bodies. F MRI with negligible endogenous background interference enables highly sensitive detection of biomolecular targets and has drawn extensive attention from the biomedical research community recently.

Limiting similarity shapes the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods in a subtropical forest.

Environmental filtering and limiting similarity mechanisms can simultaneously structure community assemblages. However, how they shape the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods remains unclear, hindering the understanding of belowground community assembly processes and diversity maintenance. In a 50-ha plot in a subtropical forest, China, we randomly sampled > 2700 root clusters from 625 soil samples.

Near-Infrared Dual-Emission Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging Nanoprobe for Real-Time Tracing the Generation of Endogenous Peroxynitrite in Single Living Cells and In Vivo.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO) is a highly reactive nitrogen species with potent oxidant and nitrating properties. Its excessive generation can cause DNA and protein damage, thereby contributing to cell injury, and it is closely related to the development of many diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need for a reliable method to determine changes in the steady-state levels of ONOO in vivo.

Reversible redox-responsive H/F MRI molecular probes.

Herein we report a pair of redox-responsive manganese complexes Mn(iii)/(ii)-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetate (HTFBED, L1), which are water soluble and biologically interconvertible, as reversible redox-responsive probes in 1H/19F MRI for detecting and imaging biological redox species, offering a means to access valuable redox information associated with various diseases.

Capsicum-Derived Biomass Quantum Dots Coupled with Alizarin Red S as an Inner-Filter-Mediated Illuminant Nanosystem for Imaging of Intracellular Calcium Ions.

Calcium ion (Ca) plays crucial roles in the signal transduction pathways associated with various physiological and pathological events. Monitoring intracellular Ca is of great significance for cell biology research. Here, we report the use of biomass quantum dots (BQDs) as a fluorescent reporter for imaging of intracellular Ca, based on the inner-filter-mediated luminescence which was assisted by a Ca chelator alizarin red S (ARS).

Structural, vibrational and thermal expansion properties of ScWO.

A novel oxide material with the formula of Sc2W4O15 and orthorhombic symmetry is synthesized by solid state reactions and its structure, composition, vibrational properties and thermal expansion are investigated and identified by temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and dilatometry. It is shown that the oxide material with an orthorhombic symmetry shows a similar structure to that of Sc2W3O12, but with W partially occupying the position of Sc, leading to not only the corner-sharing ScO6-WO4 connections but also the corner-sharing WO6-WO4 connections. Raman spectroscopic studies show that compared to Sc2W3O12, the FWHMs of most Raman modes in Sc2W4O15 increase due to the occupation of W6+ in the Sc3+ position.

Near-Zero Thermal Expansion and Phase Transitions in HfMg Zn MoO.

The effects of Zn incorporation on the phase formation, thermal expansion, phase transition, and vibrational properties of HfMg Zn MoO are investigated by XRD, dilatometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that (i) single phase formation is only possible for ≤ 0.5, otherwise, additional phases of HfMoO and ZnMoO appear; (ii) The phase transition temperature from monoclinic to orthorhombic structure of the single phase HfMg Zn MoO can be well-tailored, which increases with the content of Zn; (iii) The incorporation of Zn leads to an pronounced reduction in the positive expansion of the -axis and an enhanced negative thermal expansion (NTE) in the -axes, leading to a near-zero thermal expansion (ZTE) property with lower anisotropy over a wide temperature range; (iv) Replacement of Mg by Zn weakens the Mo-O bonds as revealed by obvious red shifts of all the Mo-O stretching modes with increasing the content of Zn and improves the sintering performance of the samples which is observed by SEM.

Edaphobacter acidisoli sp. nov., an acidobacterium isolated from forest soil.

Two strains, 4G-K17 and 4G-K15, were isolated from forest soil from the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China (112° 31' E 23° 10' N). The cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and non-motile short rods that multiplied by binary division. Strains 4G-K17 and 4G-K15 were obligately acidophilic, mesophilic bacteria capable of growth at pH 3.