Domain modulation in LiNbO films using litho piezoresponse force microscopy.

Domain engineering plays a pivotal role in the development of ferroelectric non-volatile memory devices. In this work, we mainly focus on the domain kinetic in ion-sliced single crystal LiNbO thin films under tip-induced electric fields using piezoresponse force microscope (PFM). Polarization reversal takes place when the electric fields are above threshold value (coercive voltage V ) of films.