Validation of Active Compound of L. Extract and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cellular Signaling Pathways.

As chronic inflammation and oxidative stress cause various diseases in the human body, this study aimed to develop functional materials to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the biological function and components of L. extract prepared using its leaves and branches (TCE).

Demonstration of the threshold-switching memory devices using EMIm(AlCl)Cl and ZnO for neuromorphic applications.

The threshold-switching behaviors of the synapses lead to energy-efficient operation in the neural computing system. Here, we demonstrated the threshold-switching memory devices by inserting the ZnO layer into the ionic synaptic devices. The EMIm(AlCl)Cl is utilized as the electrolyte because its conductance can be tuned by the charge states of the Al-based ions.

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Storability of a New Citrus Variety, Yellowball, and Its Parent.

Although numerous citrus varieties have recently been developed to enhance their quality, information on their quality characteristics is limited. We assessed the quality characteristics of Yellowball, a novel citrus variety, by evaluating its appearance, storability, sensory properties, functionality, and metabolite profiles and then comparing these characteristics with those of its parent varieties, Haruka and Kiyomi. The metabolite profiles between the citrus varieties differed significantly, resulting in distinct physicochemical and functional qualities.

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Moromi Fermented Using Different Strains.

() is an important starter in the fermentation of koji and moromi. However, the effect of different strains on the quality of moromi has rarely been studied. For this reason, this study analyzed the physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, sensory quality, and metabolite profiles of moromi samples fermented using two strains ( KCCM12012P (moromi-1) and KCCM12804P (moromi-2)), which were newly isolated from fermented soy foods, and compared them to those of a commercialized strain (control).

Emulating the Signal Transmission in a Neural System Using Polymer Membranes.

Neurons are vital components of the brain. When stimulated by neurotransmitters at the dendrites, neurons deliver signals as changes in the membrane potential by ion movement. The signal transmission of a nervous system exhibits a high energy efficiency.

Changes in the chemical, physical, and sensory properties of rice according to its germination rate.

This study aimed to decipher the association among the physicochemical properties, sensory quality, and germination rate of rice samples stored at different storage conditions and for different durations (stored at 10, 20, and 30 °C for 8 months). The germination rate of the samples varied from 0.3 to 98.

Metabolomic Profiling of during Different Stages of Fruit Development.

Citrus fruits undergo significant metabolic profile changes during their development process. However, limited information is available on the changes in the metabolites of during fruit development. Here, we analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles in fruit flesh during different stages of fruit development and evaluated their correlations.

Effects of Salt Treatment Time on the Metabolites, Microbial Composition, and Quality Characteristics of the Soy Sauce Moromi Extract.

Salt is one of the most important factors for fermented foods, but the effect of salt treatment time on the quality of fermented foods has rarely been studied. In this study, the effect of different salt treatment times (0, 48, and 96 h) after the start of fermentation on the quality of the soy sauce moromi extract (SSME) was investigated. As the salt treatment time was delayed, the population of , , and in SSME increased, whereas the population of and decreased, leading to changes in the enzymatic activity and metabolite profiles.

Comparative Metabolomics Analysis of Citrus Varieties.

Many citrus varieties are hybridized to improve their quality and to overcome the effects of climate change. However, there is limited information on the effect of the chemical profiles of hybrid varieties on their quality. In this study, we analyzed 10 citrus varieties and evaluated the correlation with their general characteristics and antioxidant activities.

Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from .

Noni fruits () are a source of phenolic bioactive compounds (scopoletin, alizarin, and rutin), which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, subcritical water was applied to determine the extraction yields and kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The scopoletin and alizarin yields increased with the increase in temperature from 100 to 140 °C, while that of rutin increased up to 120 °C and then decreased at 140 °C.

Peanut sprout rich in -coumaric acid ameliorates obesity and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and the inhibition of browning in adipocytes mitochondrial activation.

Obesity is accompanied by adipose tissue inflammation that subsequently reduces thermogenic potential in brown and beige (brown-like) adipocytes. We previously reported that peanut sprout (PS) inhibited triglyceride accumulation via fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. However, it is unknown whether PS reverses diet-induced obesity/inflammation and protects against the inflammation-induced inhibition of browning.

Extraction of flavanones from immature Citrus unshiu pomace: process optimization and antioxidant evaluation.

Dietary guidelines recommend the consumption of flavonoid-rich extracts for several health benefits. Although immature Citrus unshiu pomace (ICUP) contains high levels of flavanone glycosides, many studies have concentrated on the optimization of flavonoid extraction from mature citrus peels. Therefore, we developed an optimized extraction method for hesperidin and narirutin from ICUP, and evaluated their antioxidant activities using ten different assay methods.

Semi-Continuous Subcritical Water Extraction of Flavonoids from Peel: Their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities.

We extracted and hydrolyzed bioactive flavonoids from peel using subcritical water (SW) in a semi-continuous mode. The individual flavonoid yields, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the SW extracts were analyzed. The extraction yields of hesperidin and narirutin increased with increasing temperature from 145 °C to 165 °C.

Liquid-based memory and artificial synapse.

The brain is considered as the most efficient computational system, and broadly consists of neurons and synapses. Synapses are spaces between neurons; neurotransmitters move from pre-synaptic neurons to post-synaptic neurons to transfer signals. Active research has been carried out to mimic the functions of the human nervous system using solid materials.

Enhancement of Phenolic Production and Antioxidant Activity from Buckwheat Leaves by Subcritical Water Extraction.

To enhance the production of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity and reduce the level of phototoxic fagopyrin, buckwheat leaves were extracted with subcritical water (SW) at 100~220°C for 10~50 min. The major phenolic compounds were quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid. The cumulative amount of individual phenolic compounds increased with increasing extraction temperature from 100°C to 180°C and did not change significantly at 200°C and 220°C.

Optimization of Subcritical Water Hydrolysis of Rutin into Isoquercetin and Quercetin.

Maximum production of isoquercetin and quercetin simultaneously from rutin by subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) was optimized using the response surface methodology. Hydrolysis parameters such as temperature, time, and CO pressure were selected as independent variables, and isoquercetin and quercetin yields were selected as dependent variables. The regression models of the yield of isoquercetin and quercetin were valid due to the high -value and low value.

Enhanced Production of Phenolic Compounds from Pumpkin Leaves by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis.

Enhanced production of individual phenolic compounds by subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) of pumpkin leaves was investigated at various temperatures ranging from 100 to 220°C at 20 min and at various reaction times ranging from 10 to 50 min at 160°C. Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and gentisic acid were the major phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate of pumpkin leaves. All phenolic compounds except gentisic acid showed the highest yield at 160°C, but gentisic acid showed the highest yield at 180°C.

Melatonin improves experimental colitis with sleep deprivation.

Sleep deprivation (SD) is an epidemic phenomenon in modern countries, and its harmful effects are well known. SD acts as an aggravating factor in inflammatory bowel disease. Melatonin is a sleep-related neurohormone, also known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the effects of melatonin on colitis have been poorly characterized.

Giant volume change of active gels under continuous flow.

While living systems have developed highly efficient ways to convert chemical energy (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) to mechanical motion (e.

Controlling uniformity of photopolymerized microscopic hydrogels.

This paper studies hydrogels created by photopolymerization with a uniform beam of light. Under some conditions the density profiles of the resulting hydrogels were uniform cylinders, mirroring the illumination profiles. However, under other conditions, gels with hollow cylindrical shapes were formed.

Active cross-linkers that lead to active gels.

Chemomechanical reaction: The first octahedral ruthenium bipyridine complex that bears six polymerizable vinyl groups is used as an active cross-linker. It is a key building block for cross-linked polymeric networks (right) thus allowing the construction of molecular architectures in chemomechanical soft materials.

Neuromodulatory state and sex specify alternative behaviors through antagonistic synaptic pathways in C. elegans.

Pheromone responses are highly context dependent. For example, the C. elegans pheromone ascaroside C9 (ascr#3) is repulsive to wild-type hermaphrodites, attractive to wild-type males, and usually neutral to "social" hermaphrodites with reduced activity of the npr-1 neuropeptide receptor gene.

Morphologic and transcriptomic comparison of adipose- and bone-marrow-derived porcine stem cells cultured in alginate hydrogels.

Advances in bioengineering, material chemistry, and developmental biology have led to the design of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that better resemble the surrounding structure and chemistry of the in situ niches of cells in tissues. This study was designed to characterize and compare porcine adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) induced to differentiate toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro by using a 3D alginate hydrogel. The morphology and gene expression of the two cell populations during differentiation were analyzed.

Selective and tunable gradient device for cell culture and chemotaxis study.

This article describes a microfluidic device for cell culture and chemotaxis studies under various temporal and spatial concentration gradients of the medium or chemoattractant. Vertical membranes formed using in situ fabrication are employed to avoid fluid flow inside the cell observation chamber. Thus, the medium and chemoattractants are primarily provided by diffusion, maintaining cell-cell communication via secreted factors.

Hydrogel-based reconfigurable components for microfluidic devices.

In situ liquid-phase photopolymerization (LP(3)) has been applied to the field of microfluidics to create components within integrated systems. As an extension of LP(3) technology, we present reconfigurable components that utilize the swelling of hydrogels. These components can be conveniently used to enhance microfluidic functions and applications.