Insights into sex differences in perioperative outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: The appreciation of sex differences is substantial for precise cancer management. Surgery is the main treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to identify sex differences on perioperative outcomes in NSCLC patients and to uncover the origins of sex effect in outcomes using a Chinese cohort.

A multi-level investigation of the genetic relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and lung cancer.

Background: Observational studies have revealed a potential association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and lung cancer (LC), but the genetic role in their comorbidity have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively dissect the genetic link underlying GERD and LC.

Methods: Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we investigated shared genetic architecture between GERD and LC.

Effect of family history of cancer on postoperative survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Family history of cancer (FHC) has been reported to increase mortality of non-small cell lung cancer, mainly comprised of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, the impact of FHC on long-term survival remains controversial. This study aims to identify the impact of FHC on postoperative survival in LUAD and LUSC.

Application of improved Unet network in the recognition and segmentation of lung CT images in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Background: Pneumoconiosis has a significant impact on the quality of patient survival. This study aims to evaluate the performance and application value of improved Unet network technology in the recognition and segmentation of lesion areas of lung CT images in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Methods: A total of 1212 lung CT images of patients with pneumoconiosis were retrospectively included.

Prognostic relevance of immune-related adverse events in lung cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) work by activating the immune system, a mechanism that may also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study seeks to investigate on how different irAEs impact prognosis of advanced lung cancer (LC) patients and identify useful approaches to manage irAEs.

Methods: A thorough literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and manual searches up to January 2024 were undertaken.

Association of tooth loss and gallstones: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018.

Gallstones are one of the most common digestive diseases globally, with an estimated affected population of 15% in the United States. Our aim is to assess the current association between oral health and gallstones, exploring potential mediation factors. Self-reported gallstones were determined based on medical condition questionnaires.

The associations of peripheral interleukin alterations and hippocampal subfield volume deficits in schizophrenia.

The hippocampus is one of the brain regions most vulnerable to inflammatory insults, and the relationships between peripheral inflammation and hippocampal subfields in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. In this study, forty-six stably medicated patients with schizophrenia and 48 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The serum levels of IL - 1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70 were measured, and 3D high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed.

Association of complete blood count parameters with the risk of incident pulmonary heart disease in pneumoconiosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pneumoconiosis mostly combines pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, among which pulmonary heart disease (PHD) is of major concern due to its significant impact on the survival of pneumoconiosis patients. White cell count (WCC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet parameters are thought to affect inflammatory responses and may be predictors of various cardiovascular diseases. However, very few studies have focused on PHD.

Deep learning pneumoconiosis staging and diagnosis system based on multi-stage joint approach.

Background: Pneumoconiosis has a significant impact on the quality of patient survival due to its difficult staging diagnosis and poor prognosis. This study aimed to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the screening and staging of pneumoconiosis based on a multi-stage joint deep learning approach using X-ray chest radiographs of pneumoconiosis patients.

Methods: In this study, a total of 498 medical chest radiographs were obtained from the Department of Radiology of West China Fourth Hospital.

Genetic perturbation of IL-6 receptor signaling pathway and risk of multiple respiratory diseases.

Dysregulation of inflammation can lead to multiple chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Interleukin-6 (IL6) is crucial in regulating the inflammatory cascade, but the causal link between IL6 signaling downregulation and respiratory diseases risk is unclear. This study uses Mendelian randomization to examine the effects of IL6R blockade on respiratory diseases.

Investigating causal associations between pneumonia and lung cancer using a bidirectional mendelian randomization framework.

Background: Pneumonia and lung cancer are both major respiratory diseases, and observational studies have explored the association between their susceptibility. However, due to the presence of potential confounders and reverse causality, the comprehensive causal relationships between pneumonia and lung cancer require further exploration.

Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level data were obtained from the hitherto latest FinnGen database, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative resource, and International Lung Cancer Consortium.

Suction versus non-suction drainage strategy after uniportal thoracoscopic lung surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The postoperative outcomes of suction drainage versus non-suction drainage after uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UniVATS) come with little consensus. This study aimed to prospectively compare the postoperative outcomes of suction drainage versus non-suction drainage in patients who underwent UniVATS.

Methods: Between October 2022 and January 2023, patients undergoing UniVATS were prospectively enrolled.

[A survey on the application of convolutional neural networks in the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis].

Pneumoconiosis ranks first among the newly-emerged occupational diseases reported annually in China, and imaging diagnosis is still one of the main clinical diagnostic methods. However, manual reading of films requires high level of doctors, and it is difficult to discriminate the staged diagnosis of pneumoconiosis imaging, and due to the influence of uneven distribution of medical resources and other factors, it is easy to lead to misdiagnosis and omission of diagnosis in primary healthcare institutions. Computer-aided diagnosis system can realize rapid screening of pneumoconiosis in order to assist clinicians in identification and diagnosis, and improve diagnostic efficacy.

A miRNA-7704/IL2RB/AKT feedback loop regulates tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological tumors worldwide. Despite the availability of multiple treatments for ovarian cancer, its resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant challenge. miRNAs play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancer by affecting processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and chemoresistance.

Mitochondrial dysfunction affects hepatic immune and metabolic remodeling in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: Immune dysregulation and metabolic derangement have been recognized as key factors that contribute to the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, the mechanisms underlying immune and metabolic derangement in patients with advanced HBV-ACLF are unclear.

Aim: To identify the bioenergetic alterations in the liver of patients with HBV-ACLF causing hepatic immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders.

From hepatitis B virus infection to acute-on-chronic liver failure: The dynamic role of hepatic macrophages.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a progressive disease that is associated with rapid worsening of clinical symptoms and high mortality. A multicentre prospective study from China demonstrated that patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) exhibited worse clinical characteristics and higher mortality rates compared to non-HBV-ACLF patients. Immune dysregulation is closely linked to the potential mechanisms of initiation and progression of ACLF.

Inhibition of Bromodomain Proteins Enhances Oncolytic HAdVC5 Replication and Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Models.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive type of pancreatic cancer, which rapidly develops resistance to the current standard of care. Several oncolytic Human AdenoViruses (HAdVs) have been reported to re-sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells and in combination with chemotherapeutics attenuate solid tumour growth. Obstacles preventing greater clinical success are rapid hepatic elimination and limited viral replication and spread within the tumour microenvironment.

Shaoyao decoction alleviates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis by decreasing inflammation and balancing the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent and non-specific inflammatory condition that mainly affects the bowels and has challenging treatment. UC has a growing incidence and significantly affects the well-being of patients. Many medications used to treat UC can disrupt the metabolism and immune system homeostasis, frequently leading to significant adverse effects.

Preoperative H. pylori Eradication Therapy Facilitates Precise Delineation in Early Gastric Cancer with Current H. pylori Infection.

Introduction: Early gastric cancer with current Helicobacter pylori infection (HpC-EGC) is common, but it is still unclear whether H. pylori eradication therapy (Hp-ET) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) should be performed first. We evaluated Hp-ETs short-term effects on horizontal boundary delineations of HpC-EGC in ESD.

Effect of a prior thyroid cancer on the survival of lung cancer patients: a retrospective study based on SEER database.

Purpose: The effect of a history of thyroid cancer on the prognosis of lung cancer patients has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this effect based on a large cohort.

Methods: Data of 154844 lung cancer patients, of whom 406 had prior thyroid cancer, were collected from SEER database.

Genetically predicted childhood body mass index and lung cancer susceptibility: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The association between adult body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer (LC) susceptibility have been reported, but the causal relationship with childhood BMI remains largely unclear. To evaluate the causal effect of childhood BMI on LC susceptibility, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed.

Methods: The two-sample MR analysis utilized 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for childhood BMI.

Risk-based screening for second primary extrapulmonary malignancies in stage I lung cancer patients: A study based on SEER database.

Objectives: We conducted this study to identify the risk for second primary malignancy (SPM), especially for second primary extrapulmonary malignancy (SPEM), in resected stage I lung cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Resected stage I lung cancer patients were retrospectively enrolled from the SEER database (2008-2017). Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to evaluate the relative risk of SPM of patients as compared to general population.

Distinct lipid profile in haemolytic anaemia-related gallstones compared with the general gallstone.

Background: Pigment gallstones are not uncommon among patients with chronic haemolytic anaemia. But their clinical characteristics have not been described in detail and not been directly compared with the general gallstone population.

Methods: Patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital with haemolytic anaemia and subsequent gallstones from January 2012 to December 2022 were included.