Macrophage Notch1 signaling modulates regulatory T cells via the TGFB axis in early MASLD.

Background & Aims: Hepatic immune imbalance is crucial for driving metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression. However, the role of hepatic regulatory T cells (Tregs) in MASLD initiation and the mechanisms responsible for their change are not completely understood.

Methods: A mouse model subjected to a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic early steatosis, along with liver biopsy samples from patients with simple steatosis, and macrophage-specific Notch1-knockout mice (Notch1), were used to investigate the role of Tregs in early MASLD and the effect of hepatic macrophage Notch1 signaling on Treg frequency.

Cortical ROI Importance Improves MI Decoding From EEG Using Fused Light Neural Network.

Decoding motor imagery (MI) using deep learning in cortical level has potential in brain computer interface based intelligent rehabilitation. However, a mass of dipoles is inconvenient to extract the personalized features and requires a more complex neural network. In consideration of the structural and functional similarity of the neurons in a neuroanatomical region, i.

Targeting macrophagic 17-HSD7 by fenretinide for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis. However, which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17-HSD7) expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization.

A dual alignment-based multi-source domain adaptation framework for motor imagery EEG classification.

Domain adaptation, as an important branch of transfer learning, can be applied to cope with data insufficiency and high subject variabilities in motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) based brain-computer interfaces. The existing methods generally focus on aligning data and feature distribution; however, aligning each source domain with the informative samples of the target domain and seeking the most appropriate source domains to enhance the classification effect has not been considered. In this paper, we propose a dual alignment-based multi-source domain adaptation framework, denoted DAMSDAF.

Pentoxifylline attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting hepatic macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), recognized as one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Pentoxifylline, a derivative of theobromine extracted from Theobroma cacao and tea, has been studied for effects on blood viscosity, tissue oxygenation and inflammation. However, its effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and the potential mechanisms remain unclear.

[Parameter transfer learning based on shallow visual geometry group network and its application in motor imagery classification].

Transfer learning is provided with potential research value and application prospect in motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) rehabilitation system, and the source domain classification model and transfer strategy are the two important aspects that directly affect the performance and transfer efficiency of the target domain model. Therefore, we propose a parameter transfer learning method based on shallow visual geometry group network (PTL-sVGG). First, Pearson correlation coefficient is used to screen the subjects of the source domain, and the short-time Fourier transform is performed on the MI-EEG data of each selected subject to acquire the time-frequency spectrogram images (TFSI).

Characterization of a broad-spectrum endolysin LysSP1 encoded by a Salmonella bacteriophage.

Foodborne pathogens have caused many public health incidents and heavy economic burden. Endolysins have been proven to have efficient bactericidal activity against pathogens with low incidence of resistance. In this study, the recombinant endolysin LysSP1 encoded by Salmonella Typhimurium lytic bacteriophage SLMP1 was obtained by prokaryotic expression, and its characteristics were analyzed.

An Improved Composite Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy for Feature Extraction of MI-EEG.

Motor Imagery Electroencephalography (MI-EEG) has shown good prospects in neurorehabilitation, and the entropy-based nonlinear dynamic methods have been successfully applied to feature extraction of MI-EEG. Especially based on Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy (MFE), the fuzzy entropies of the coarse-grained sequences in scale are calculated and averaged to develop the Composite MFE (CMFE) with more feature information. However, the coarse-grained process fails to match the nonstationary characteristic of MI-EEG by a mean filtering algorithm.

Augmented autophagy suppresses thymocytes development via Bcl10/p-p65 pathway in prenatal nicotine exposed fetal mice.

Tobacco smoke is a common global environmental pollutant. Maternal tobacco smoke/nicotine exposure has long-term toxic effects on immune organs. We previously found that prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE)-induced programmed immune diseases caused by fetal thymic hypoplasia, but the mechanism still unknown.

AMPK decreases ERK1/2 activity and cancer cell sensitivity to nutrition deprivation by mediating a positive feedback loop involving eEF2K.

Nutrition deprivation (ND) is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells, therefore, frequently develop resistance mechanisms against ND. One of these mechanisms is the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promotes cell survival under ND.

Biosensors for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: a review.

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by extremely high mortality and poor prognosis and is projected to be the leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. Due to the lack of early symptoms and appropriate methods to detect pancreatic carcinoma at an early stage as well as its aggressive progression, the disease is often quite advanced by the time a definite diagnosis is established. The 5-year relative survival rate for all stages is approximately 8%.

Biocontrol of Salmonella Typhimurium in Raw Salmon Fillets and Scallop Adductors by Using Bacteriophage SLMP1.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriophage (phage) SLMP1 to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium on contaminated raw salmon fillets and scallop adductors as a function of Salmonella inoculum level, phage dose, storage temperature, and storage time. Samples were inoculated with 10 and 10 CFU/g Salmonella and then treated with different concentrations of phage SLMP1, followed by incubation at 4, 15, and 25°C, respectively. The results showed that 10 PFU/g was the optimal concentration of phage for the control of Salmonella, which was applied in the following storage experiments over a 7-day period at 4°C, a 4-day period at 15°C, and a 2-day period at 25°C.

miR-124 downregulation leads to breast cancer progression via LncRNA-MALAT1 regulation and CDK4/E2F1 signal activation.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been recently shown to be dysregulated in several cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of MALAT1 in breast cancer remain unclear. Herein, we showed that MALAT1 was aberrantly increased in breast cancer tissues and cells.

β-glucan restores tumor-educated dendritic cell maturation to enhance antitumor immune responses.

Tumors can induce the generation and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in a tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor escape from immunological attack. Although dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines can initiate antitumor immune responses, tumor-educated dendritic cells (TEDCs) involved in the tolerance induction have attracted much attention recently. In this study, we investigated the effect of β-glucan on TEDCs and found that β-glucan treatment could promote the maturation and migration of TEDCs and that the suppressive function of TEDCs was significantly decreased.

[β-Glucan promotes the maturation and migration of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of β-glucan on the maturation and migration of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs).

Methods: BMDCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow cells in vitro and induced by β-glucan for maturation. The expressions of cell surface markers were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).

MiR-124 inhibits cell proliferation in breast cancer through downregulation of CDK4.

Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the malignant progression of human cancer. However, little is known about the potential role of miRNAs in breast carcinogenesis. miR-124 expression in breast cancer tissue was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Protective effect of YHI and HHI-I against experimental acute pancreatitis in rabbits.

AIM:To observe the protective effect of combined i.v. administraction of Yuanhu injection (YHI) and Huoxuehuayu injection-I (HHI-I) against acute pancreatitis (AP) in rabbits.