Water isotope ratios reflect convection intensity rather than rain type proportions in the pantropics.

Against the traditional view, a recently published theory argued that isotope ratios are higher in convective precipitation but lower in stratiform precipitation and proposed that isotope ratios reflect rain type proportions. This theory has been widely cited despite some early reservations. Whether the theory represents a faithful reflection of signals of water isotope ratios remains unclear.

Identifying the natural and agricultural impacts on the glaciochemistry of the Aru ice core on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau.

Glaciochemical data sourced from ice cores in polar regions and the Alps have been extensively examined. However, quantitative studies on glaciochemical records of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are scarce. To address this, we investigated annual variations in the major soluble ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH, Cl, NO, and SO) in the Aru ice core on the northwestern TP from 1850 to 2016.

Dissolved inorganic carbon budget of two alpine catchments in the central Tibetan Plateau: Glaciation matters.

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes account for over one-third of the total carbon transported in most rivers. The DIC budget for glacial meltwater of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), however, is still poorly understood, despite the fact, the TP has the largest glacier distribution outside of the Poles. In this study, the Niyaqu and Qugaqie catchments in the central TP were selected to examine the influence of glaciation on the DIC budget in vertical evasion (CO exchange rate at the water-air interface) and lateral transport (sources and fluxes) from 2016 to 2018.

Aberrant expression of FBXO22 is associated with propofol-induced synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction in adult mice.

Recent observation demonstrated that prolonged anesthesia modifies brain synaptic architecture in all ages, including adult. Propofol is the most commonly utilized anesthetics at clinic. Whether repeated administration of propofol modulates cognitive impairment in adults and changes synaptic plasticity remains, however, to be explored.

How do precipitation events modify the stable isotope ratios in leaf water at Lhasa on the southern Tibetan Plateau?

Serving as a medium between source water and cellulose, leaf water contributes to the isotope ratios (O, H) of plant organic matter, which can be used for paleoclimate reconstruction. This study is the first to examine the diurnal variations in the O and H of leaf water on the southern Tibetan Plateau. The O and H of leaf water were relatively low when precipitation events occurred.

Different patterns and origins between northwestern and southeastern Tibetan ice core glaciochemical records over the past century.

Atmospheric circulation systems differ between the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and are characterized by prevailing westerly winds and the Indian monsoon, respectively. This leads to spatial differences between glaciochemical records in the northwestern and southeastern TP. We compared the spatial differences in major soluble ion concentrations (Ca, SO, NO, NH, Cl, Na, K, and Mg) during the last century in the Aru (northwestern TP) and East Rongbuk (ER; southeastern TP) ice cores.

Demonstration of a memory calibration method in water isotope measurement by laser spectroscopy.

Rationale: Measuring δ O and δ H values in water using wavelength-scanned cavity ring down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) requires multiple injections of up to six (and sometimes eight or more) of one sample to remove the memory effect, which decreases the sample throughput and increases the consumables cost. Thus, improved methods for removing the memory effect are required.

Methods: We calculated the memory coefficients by sequential WS-CRDS measurement of two lab standard waters with isotopic differences, and used them to establish calibration equations.

Mercury speciation and distribution in a glacierized mountain environment and their relevance to environmental risks in the inland Tibetan Plateau.

Glacierized mountain environments can preserve and release mercury (Hg) and play an important role in regional Hg biogeochemical cycling. However, the behavior of Hg in glacierized mountain environments and its environmental risks remain poorly constrained. In this research, glacier meltwater, runoff and wetland water were sampled in Zhadang-Qugaqie basin (ZQB), a typical glacierized mountain environment in the inland Tibetan Plateau, to investigate Hg distribution and its relevance to environmental risks.

The influence of memory, sample size effects, and filter paper material on online laser-based plant and soil water isotope measurements.

Rationale: The recent development of isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) was quickly followed by the addition of online extraction and analysis systems, making it faster and easier to measure soil and plant water isotopes. However, memory and sample size effects limit the efficiency and accuracy of these new setups. In response, this study presents a scheme dedicated to estimating and eliminating these two effects.

The Interventional Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of the limb has been shown to induce ischemic tolerance in basic and clinical studies that focused on sustained large artery occlusion rather than small vessel disease (SVD). This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of brief repetitive limb RIPC on patients with cerebral SVD.

Methods: Seventeen patients with cerebral SVD were enrolled.

The E3 ligase APC/C-Cdh1 regulates MEF2A-dependent transcription by targeting SUMO-specific protease 2 for ubiquitination and degradation.

Activity-dependent stimuli induced a calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of the transcriptional factor MEF2A at serine408 and promoted a switch from SUMOylation to acetylation at lysine403 which led to MEF2A transcriptional activation. We previously identified SENP2 is the de-SUMOylation enzyme for MEF2A and promotes MEF2A-dependent transcription. We report here a requirement for APC(Cdh1)-SENP2-MEF2A axis in the regulation of MEF2A transcriptional activation.

SENP2 regulates MEF2A de-SUMOylation in an activity dependent manner.

SUMOylation has been shown to exert non-negligible influence on transcriptional factors and regulate genes expression by attuning their transcriptional activity. Myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2(MEF2) is a family of transcription factor and play a critical role in embryonic development. The transcriptional activity of MEF2A is highly repressed by SUMOylation in an activity-dependent manner.

A single amino acid change in Ca(v)1.2 channels eliminates the permeation and gating differences between Ca(2+) and Ba(2+).

Glutamate scanning mutagenesis was used to assess the role of the calcicludine binding segment in regulating channel permeation and gating using both Ca(2+) and Ba(2+) as charge carriers. As expected, wild-type Ca(V)1.2 channels had a Ba(2+) conductance ~2x that in Ca(2+) (G(Ba)/G(Ca) = 2) and activation was ~10 mV more positive in Ca(2+) vs.

[The effects of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on the stress response in thoracic surgery].

Objective: To study the effects of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia (GEA) and pure general anesthesia (GA) on the surgical stress response and cytokines in pulmonary surgery.

Methods: Twenty patients submitted to elective pulmonary surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 patients: GEA group receiving general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia and GA group receiving only general anesthesia. Blood samples were taken before induction, at incision, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h following the incision, and in the 1st and 3rd postoperative day.