Alternatives of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as potential therapeutic platforms.

With outstanding therapeutic potential in the tissue regeneration and anti-inflammation, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) have emerged as a prominent therapeutic in recent. However, poor production yield and reproducibility have remained as significant challenges of their practical applications. To surmount these challenges, various alternative materials with stem cell-like functions, have been recently investigated, however, there has been no comprehensive analysis in these alternatives so far.

Beyond Metallic Electrode: Spontaneous Formation of Fluidic Electrodes from Operational Liquid in Highly Functional Droplet-Based Electricity Generator.

The droplet-based electricity generator (DEG) has facilitated efficient droplet energy harvesting, yet diversifying its applications necessitates the incorporation of various to the DEG. This study first proposes a methodology for advancing the DEG by substituting its conventional metallic electrode with electrically conductive water electrode (WE), which is spontaneously generated during the operation of the DEG with operating liquid. Due to the inherent conductive and fluidic nature of water, the introduction of the WE maintains the electrical output performance of the DEG while imparting functionalities such as high transparency and flexibility.

Advancing Energy Harvesting Efficiency from a Single Droplet: A Mechanically Guided 4D Printed Elastic Hybrid Droplet-Based Electricity Generator.

A droplet possesses the ubiquity and potential to harvest a vast amount of energy. To exploit droplets effectively, a novel output enhancement strategy that can coexist and create synergy with the recently studied droplet-based electricity generator (DEG) and material/surface structure modification must be investigated. In this study, a mechanical buckling-based 4D printed elastic hybrid droplet-based electricity generator (HDEG) consisting of a DEG and solid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (S-S TENG) is first presented.

A Liquid Triboelectric Series.

The triboelectric series is a generally accepted method for describing the triboelectric effect. It provides a way to control the double face of the ubiquitous triboelectric effect: causes of unpredictable accidents and the resultant surface charge as energy sources. However, previous studies have been biased in solids despite being observed in liquids (liquid-solid contact electrification).

Increased Interfacial Area between Dielectric Layer and Electrode of Triboelectric Nanogenerator toward Robustness and Boosted Energy Output.

Given the operation conditions wherein mechanical wear is inevitable, modifying bulk properties of the dielectric layer of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been highlighted to boost its energy output. However, several concerns still remain in regards to the modification due to high-cost materials and cumbersome processes being required. Herein, we report TENG with a microstructured Al electrode (TENG_ME) as a new approach to modifying bulk properties of the dielectric layer.

A Spherical Hybrid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Enhanced Water Wave Energy Harvesting.

Water waves are a continuously generated renewable source of energy. However, their random motion and low frequency pose significant challenges for harvesting their energy. Herein, we propose a spherical hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator (SH-TENG) that efficiently harvests the energy of low frequency, random water waves.

One-Step Fabrication of Transparent and Flexible Nanotopographical-Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Thermal Nanoimprinting of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers.

Using thermal nanoimprinting, a novel transparent and flexible nanotopographical triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), with simultaneous nanoreplication and integration of the contact layer with the electrode layer, is first demonstrated. It is expected that the present rapid one-step fabrication methodology well give "disposability" to the TENG with extremely reduced manufacturing costs, which may allay commercialization concerns.