Enrichment of rice endosperm with anthocyanins by endosperm-specific expression of rice endogenous genes.

A diet rich in anthocyanins can benefit human health against a broad spectrum of human diseases due to the high antioxidant activities of anthocyanins. Enrichment of anthocyanins in the starchy endosperm of rice is an effective solution to provide nutritional food in human diets. However, previous attempts failed to engineer anthocyanin biosynthesis in the rice endosperm by transgenic expression of rice endogenous genes.

Hybrid layer-by-layer assembly of AuNPs/NSF composite for electrochemical detection of miRNA-196a.

Detection of microRNA-196a (miRNA-196a) is crucial in cancer research, enabling early diagnosis and providing guidance for individualized treatment. In this work, we employed a naturally occurring negatively charged nano silk fibroin (NSF) with high mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and conductivity to be encapsulated with a positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as film-forming materials for electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly to modify the working electrode of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the uniformly distributed AuNPs on the surface of the multilayer film modified SPCE (AuNPs/NSF)/SPCE combined with the sulfhydryl-modified capture probe cp-DNA through gold-sulfur bonds.

Using reverse vaccinology techniques combined with B-cell epitope prediction to screen potential antigenic proteins of the bovine pathogen Clostridium perfringens type A.

Clostridium perfringens type A frequently causes necrohaemorrhagic enteritis in cattle, a rapidly progressing disease with a high mortality rate, thus inflicting substantial economic losses in the cattle industry. Effective prevention and control of this disease rely on rapid detection and vaccination strategies, making the screening of antigenic proteins with diagnostic and vaccine potential particularly crucial. In this study, we conducted a pangenomic analysis of 15 bacterial strains, grounded in traditional reverse vaccinology and supplemented with B-cell linear and conformational epitope analysis tools.

Engineering a pH-responsive polymeric micelle co-loaded with paclitaxel and triptolide for breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer has overtaken lung cancer as the number one cancer worldwide. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used first-line anti-cancer drug, but it is not very effective in clinical breast cancer therapy. It has been reported that triptolide (TPL) can enhance the anticancer effect of paclitaxel, and better synergistic therapeutic effects are seen with concomitant administration of PTX and TPL.

Electrochemical biosensor based on PAMAM functionalized MXene nanoplatform for detection of folate receptor.

The level of folate receptor (FR) has become one of the independent factors for measuring human tumor diseases. The precise quantification of FR is helpful for the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of tumors. The modification of electrodes is a key issue in ensuring and enhancing the electrochemical biosensing ability.

Biosynthesis of poly(β-L-malic acid) from rubberwood enzymatic hydrolysates in co-fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans.

Co-fermentation of multiple substrates has emerged as the most effective method to improve the yield of bioproducts. Herein, sustainable rubberwood enzymatic hydrolysates (RWH) were co-fermented by Aureobasidium pullulans to produce poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMA), and RWH + glucose/xylose was also investigated as co-substrates. Owing to low inhibitor concentration and abundant natural nitrogen source content of RWH, a high PMA yield of 0.

Pyramiding stacking of multigenes (PSM): a simple, flexible and efficient multigene stacking system based on Gibson assembly and gateway cloning.

Genetic engineering of complex metabolic pathways and multiple traits often requires the introduction of multiple genes. The construction of plasmids carrying multiple DNA fragments plays a vital role in these processes. In this study, the Gibson assembly and Gateway cloning combined Pyramiding Stacking of Multigenes (PSM) system was developed to assemble multiple transgenes into a single T-DNA.

A two-step electrochemical biosensor based on Tetrazyme for the detection of fibrin.

In this study, an electrochemical biosensor was constructed for the detection of fibrin, specifically by a simple two-step approach, with a novel artificial enzyme (Tetrazyme) based on the DNA tetrahedral framework as signal probe. The multichannel screen-printed electrode with the activated surface cannot only remove some biological impurities, but also serve as a carrier to immobilize a large number of antigen proteins. The DNA tetrahedral nanostructure was employed to ensure the high sensitivity of the probe for biological analysis.

Nano delivery system for paclitaxel: Recent advances in cancer theranostics.

Paclitaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs which processes the obvious curative effect for a broad range of cancers including breast, ovarian, lung, and head & neck cancers. Though some novel paclitaxel-loaded formulations have been developed, the clinical application of the paclitaxel is still limited due to its toxicity and solubility issues. Over the past decades, we have seen rapid advances in applying nanocarriers in paclitaxel delivery systems.

Vimentin Is an Attachment Receptor for Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 Protein.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common pathogen causing respiratory tract infection, and the P1 protein on its adhesion organelle plays a crucial role during the pathogenic process. Currently, there are many studies on P1 and receptors on host cells, but the adhesion mechanism of P1 protein is still unclear. In this study, a modified virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed to screen for proteins that specifically bind to the region near the carboxyl terminus of the recombinant P1 protein (rP1-C).

Effect of surface ligand modification on the properties of anti-tumor nanocarrier.

With the continuous increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, there has been great interest in developing the targeted delivery anti-cancer drugs. The drug concentration reaching the tumor site is not enough to achieve a good therapeutic effect if it relies only on passive targeted drug delivery. In a long-lasting effort to improve the anti-cancer effect of drugs, surface ligand modification to nanocarriers has been actively explored to greatly improve the targeting ability, induce apoptosis in tumor cells, and prolong the drug circulation time in blood.

Integrating transcriptome and metabolome variability to reveal pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy, leading to more than 250,000 deaths in China every year. However, the pathogenesis of ESCC remains unclear, which hinders the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in clinic.

Method: To elucidate underlying mechanism and identify potential biomarkers, an integrative strategy of combining transcriptome and metabolome has been implemented to find potential causal genes and metabolites for ESCC.

Gold nano-flowers (Au NFs) modified screen-printed carbon electrode electrochemical biosensor for label-free and quantitative detection of glycated hemoglobin.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) represents the average glucose level over the past three months and has been considered as the most important biomarker for the diagnosis of Type Ⅱ diabetes (T2D). Herein, a label-free and quantitative electrochemical biosensor based on 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) modified gold nano-flowers (Au NFs) substrate was developed for the determination of HbA1c. Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic ranges of HbA1c (5 μg/mL - 1000 μg/mL) and HbA1c% (2%-20%) by cyclic voltammetry were achieved.

Framework Nucleic Acid-Enabled Programming of Electrochemical Catalytic Properties of Artificial Enzymes.

The creation and engineering of artificial enzymes remain a challenge, especially the arrangement of enzymes into geometric patterns with nanometer precision. In this work, we fabricated a series of novel DNA-tetrahedron-scaffolded-DNAzymes (Tetrazymes) and evaluated the catalytic activity of these Tetrazymes by electrochemistry. Tetrazymes were constructed by precisely positioning G-quadruplex on different sites of a DNA tetrahedral framework, with hemin employed as the co-catalyst.

A sensitive amperometric AChE-biosensor for organophosphate pesticides detection based on conjugated polymer and Ag-rGO-NH nanocomposite.

Long-term accumulation of organophosphate pesticides in environment presents a potential hazard to human and animal health. Towards this, a highly sensitive amperometric AChE-biosensor based on conjugated polymer and Ag-rGO-NH nanocomposite has been successfully developed. First, 4, 7-di (furan-2-yl) benzo thiadiazole (FBThF) was electrochemically polymerized on the electrode surface.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Strigolactone-Insensitive Mutant, Dwarfism with High Tillering Ability 34 (dhta-34) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice tillering ability and plant height are two of the important traits determining the grain yield. A novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant dhta-34 from an Indica cultivar Zhenong 34 treated by ethyl methy1 sulfonate (EMS) was investigated in this study.

Rice SDSFL1 plays a critical role in the regulation of plant structure through the control of different phytohormones and altered cell structure.

Semi-dwarfism is one of the most important agronomic traits for many cereal crops. In the present study, a mutant with semi-dwarf and short flag leaf 1, sdsfl1, was identified and characterized. The sdsfl1 mutant demonstrated some distinguished structural alterations, including shorter plant height and flag leaf length, increased tiller numbers and flag leaf width, and decreased panicle length compared with those of wild type (WT).

, a New Allele of , Regulates Panicle and Grain Development in Rice by Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Pathway.

Panicle architecture and grain size are two important agronomic traits which determine grain yield directly in rice. In the present study, a mutant named () was isolated from the cultivar “Zhenong 34” ( L. ssp.

DNA Tetrahedral Nanostructure-Based Electrochemical miRNA Biosensor for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple miRNAs in Pancreatic Carcinoma.

Specific and sensitive biomarker detection is essential to early cancer diagnosis. In this study, we demonstrate an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor with the ability to detect multiple pancreatic carcinoma (PC)-related microRNA biomarkers. By employing DNA tetrahedral nanostructure capture probes to enhance the detection sensitivity as well as a disposable 16-channel screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) detection platform to enhance the detection efficiency, we were able to simultaneously detect four PC-related miRNAs: miRNA21, miRNA155, miRNA196a, and miRNA210.

Rice gene SDL/RNRS1, encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, is required for chlorophyll synthesis and plant growth development.

A new mutant named sdl (stripe and drooping leaf) was characterized from indica cultivar Zhenong 34 by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The mutant sdl exhibited development defects including stripe and drooping leaf, dwarfism and deformed floral organs. The gene SDL was found allelic to RNRS1 by map-based cloning, which was homologous to Arabidopsis TSO2 encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase.

The ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (OsFd-GOGAT) participates in leaf senescence and the nitrogen remobilization in rice.

Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT, EC 1.4.7.

An electrochemical immunosensor for quantitative detection of ficolin-3.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the world, of which more than 90% is type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a rather urgent need for reliable, sensitive and quick detection techniques in clinical application of T2DM. Ficolin-3 is a potential biomarker of T2DM, because serum ficolin-3 levels are associated with insulin resistance and predict the incidence of T2DM.

Elaborately designed diblock nanoprobes for simultaneous multicolor detection of microRNAs.

Simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers has important prospects in the biomedical field. In this work, we demonstrated a novel strategy for the detection of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) based on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and polyadenine (polyA) mediated nanoscale molecular beacon (MB) probes (denoted p-nanoMBs). Novel fluorescent labeled p-nanoMBs bearing consecutive adenines were designed, of which polyA served as an effective anchoring block binding to the surface of Au NPs, and the appended hairpin block formed an upright conformation that favored the hybridization with targets.