Application of dsRNA for Fungi Disease Management Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are two closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi that have garnered significant attention due to their broad host range and persistent environmental presence. The use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to inhibit specific genes has demonstrated promising potential in disease management. Various RNA interference (RNAi) strategies have been developed and applied in disease management, including the use of dsRNA to silence specific genes, as well as other RNA-based approaches.

Effects of 24-hour urine-output trajectories on the risk of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications for critically ill patients with cirrhosis, but it has remained unclear whether urine output fluctuations are associated with the risk of AKI in such patients. Thus, we explored the influence of 24-h urine-output trajectory on AKI in patients with cirrhosis through latent category trajectory modeling.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients with cirrhosis using the MIMIC-IV database.

Mortality patterns of patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based study.

Objective: Tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and second primary malignancies (SPMs) are the most common causes of mortality in patients with primary TSCC. However, the competing data on TSCC-specific death (TSD) or SPM-related death in patients with TSCC have not been evaluated. This study aimed to analyze the mortality patterns and formulate prediction models of mortality risk caused by TSCC and SPMs.

Long small RNA76113 targets CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL 5 to repress disease resistance in rice.

Small RNAs are widely involved in plant immune responses. However, the role of long small RNAs (25 to 40 nt) in monocot plant disease resistance is largely unknown. Here, we identified a long small RNA (lsiR76113) from rice (Oryza sativa) that is downregulated by Magnaporthe oryzae infection and targets a gene encoding CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL 5 (CNGC5).

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus AR156 induced systemic resistance against multiple pathogens by priming of camalexin synthesis.

Phytoalexins play a crucial role in plant immunity. However, the mechanism of how phytoalexin is primed by beneficial microorganisms against broad-spectrum pathogens remains elusive. This study showed that Bacillus cereus AR156 could trigger ISR against broad-spectrum disease.

Small RNAs contribute to citrus Huanglongbing tolerance by manipulating methyl salicylate signaling and exogenous methyl salicylate primes citrus groves from emerging infection.

Citrus production is severely threatened by the devastating Huanglongbing (HLB) disease globally. By studying and analyzing the defensive behaviors of an HLB-tolerant citrus cultivar 'Shatangju', we discovered that citrus can sense Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) infection and induce immune responses against HLB, which can be further strengthened by both endogenously produced and exogenously applied methyl salicylate (MeSA). This immune circuit is turned on by an miR2977-SAMT (encoding a citrus Salicylate [SA] O-methyltransferase) cascade, by which CLas infection leads to more in planta MeSA production and aerial emission.

Secular trend in disease burden of leukemia and its subtypes in China from 1990 to 2019 and its projection in 25 years.

Leukemia and its subtypes impose a major public health challenge in China. Identifying the secular trend of leukemia burden is critical to facilitate optimal healthcare planning and improve the management of leukemia. The incidence rates of leukemia from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database according to the following: subtype (acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML], and other leukemia subtypes), sex, and age group.

First report of leaf rot on Lonicera japonica caused by Rhizopus arrhizus in China.

Lonicera japonica is a perennial shrub that has been used since ancient times as a medicine to clear heat and detoxify poisons. Its branches (the vine of L. japonica) and unopened flower buds (honeysuckle) can be used as medicine to treat external wind heat or febrile disease fever (Shang, Pan, Li, Miao, & Ding, 2011).

Trend and projection of larynx cancer incidence and mortality in China from 1990 to 2044: A Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling study.

Background: Larynx cancer is one of the most common cancers in head and neck, and imposes heavy burden on individual and societies. A comprehensive understanding of the burden of larynx cancer is necessary to improve prevention and control strategies. However, the secular trend of larynx cancer incidence and mortality in China remains unclear.

Association of thiamine administration and prognosis in critically ill patients with heart failure.

Thiamine deficiency is common in patients with heart failure, and thiamine supplement can benefit these patients. However, the association between thiamine administration and prognosis among critically ill patients with heart failure remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to prove the survival benefit of thiamine use in critically ill patients with heart failure.

Small RNAs: Efficient and miraculous effectors that play key roles in plant-microbe interactions.

Plants' response to pathogens is highly complex and involves changes at different levels, such as activation or repression of a vast array of genes. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that many RNAs, especially small RNAs (sRNAs), are involved in genetic expression and reprogramming affecting plant-pathogen interactions. The sRNAs, including short interfering RNAs and microRNAs, are noncoding RNA with 18-30 nucleotides, and are recognized as key genetic and epigenetic regulators.

Human Neural Stem Cell Secretome Inhibits Neuron Heme Uptake and Ferroptosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common subtype of stroke with a very high mortality rate, but there is still no effective cure. Increasing evidence suggests that heme accumulation and neuronal ferroptosis play an important role in secondary injury after ICH. Neural stem cells (NSCs), as seed cells of the central nervous system, have received much attention due to their abundant paracrine product components and low immunogenicity.

Protoplast Preparation and Transformation.

causes white mold, leading to substantial losses on a wide variety of hosts around the world. Many genes encoding effector proteins play important roles in the pathogenesis of . Therefore, establishment of a transformation system for the exploration of gene function is necessarily significant.

Plant Disease Resistance-Related Pathways Recruit Beneficial Bacteria by Remodeling Root Exudates upon Bacillus cereus AR156 Treatment.

The environmentally friendly biological control strategy that relies on beneficial bacterial inoculants to improve plant disease resistance is a promising strategy. Previously, it has been demonstrated that biocontrol bacteria treatments can change the plant rhizosphere microbiota but whether plant signaling pathways, especially those related to disease resistance, mediate the changes in rhizosphere microbiota has not been explored. Here, we investigated the complex interplay among biocontrol strains, plant disease resistance-related pathways, root exudates, rhizosphere microorganisms, and pathogens to further clarify the biocontrol mechanism of biocontrol bacteria by using plant signaling pathway mutants.

An OsPRMT5-OsAGO2/miR1875-OsHXK1 module regulates rice immunity to blast disease.

Rice ARGONAUTE2 (OsAGO2) is a core component of the rice RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is repressed by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) infection. Whether and how OsAGO2-mediated gene silencing plays a role in rice blast resistance and which sRNAs participate in this process are unknown.

Global, regional, and national years lived with disability due to blindness and vision loss from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of burden estimates and the secular trend of blindness and vision loss, as measured by years lived with disability (YLDs), at the global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: The age-standardized YLD rates (ASYRs) due to blindness and vision loss and its subtypes, including moderate vision loss, severe vision loss, blindness, and presbyopia, from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends in the ASYRs due to blindness and vision loss.

Comparative transcriptomics reveal different genetic adaptations of biofilm formation in isolate 1JN2 in response to Cd treatment.

Biofilm plays important roles in the life cycle of species, such as promoting host and object surface colonization and resisting heavy metal stress. This study utilized transcriptomics to evaluate the impacts of cadmium on the components, morphology, and function of biofilms of strain 1JN2. Under cadmium ion stress, the morphology of the 1JN2 biofilm was flattened, and its mobility increased.

Kurstakin Triggers Multicellular Behaviors in AR156 and Enhances Disease Control Efficacy Against Rice Sheath Blight.

Kurstakin is the latest discovered family of lipopeptides secreted by spp. In this study, the effects of kurstakin on the direct antagonism, multicellularity, and disease control ability of AR156 were explored. An insertion mutation in the nonribosomal peptide synthase responsible for kurstakin synthesis led to a significant reduction of antagonistic ability of AR156 against the plant-pathogenic fungi , , , and f.

Association of Red Cell Distribution Width-to-Platelet Ratio and Mortality in Patients with Sepsis.

Background: As a novel inflammatory index, the ratio of red cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet count (RPR) may have prognostic value in some critical illnesses. However, studies on the prognostic influence of RPR in patients with sepsis are few. This study is aimed at investigating the association between RPR levels and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.

Cu/CuO@C nanocomposites as efficient electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor devices.

A novel method, reduction followed by oxidation procedure, has been developed to fabricate efficient electrodes derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which were synthesized using terephthalic acid (TP) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) as organic ligands. The copper-based composites, namely Cu/CuO@C ( = 1 and 2), were obtained through two steps: first calcining the precursors at high temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then calcining in air to increase the number of porous active sites. For a more convenient description, the calcined materials are denoted as 800-TP, 900-TP, 800-BTC and 900-BTC, respectively, according to the calcination temperature and the corresponding organic ligand.

-Secreted Oxalic Acid Induces Tomato Resistance Against Gray Mold Disease Caused by by Activating the JA/ET Pathway.

spp. are known for their ability to control plant diseases; however, the mechanism of disease control by spp. is still unclear.