A distinct subset of urothelial cells with enhanced EMT features promotes chemotherapy resistance and cancer recurrence by increasing COL4A1-ITGB1 mediated angiogenesis.

Drug resistance and tumor recurrence remain clinical challenges in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and identified a subset of urothelial cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features (EMT-UC), which is significantly correlated with chemotherapy resistance and cancer recurrence.

Deciphering the Transcriptional Regulatory Network Governing Starch and Storage Protein Biosynthesis in Wheat for Breeding Improvement.

Starch and seed storage protein (SSP) composition profoundly impact wheat grain yield and quality. To unveil regulatory mechanisms governing their biosynthesis, transcriptome, and epigenome profiling is conducted across key endosperm developmental stages, revealing that chromatin accessibility, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 collectively regulate SSP and starch genes with varying impact. Population transcriptome and phenotype analyses highlight accessible promoter regions' crucial role as a genetic variation resource, influencing grain yield and quality in a core collection of wheat accessions.

New Insight into Utilization of Fish By-Product Proteins and Their Skin Health Promoting Effects.

In regions reliant on fisheries for livelihoods, a significant number of fish by-products are generated annually due to processing. These discarded parts contain valuable biological resources, such as proteins, fish oils, and trace elements, thus holding enormous potential for reutilization. In recent years, fish by-product proteins have been widely utilized in skincare products due to their rich collagen content, biosafety, and biocompatibility.

Fine-tuning nanoflower-like Fe/Co hybrids with high content oxyhydroxide accelerating oxygen evolution kinetics.

Iron hydroxide (FeOOH) is a potential active component in iron-based electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. However, its catalytic performance is constrained by its slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. Herein, we synthesized a nanoflower-like FeCo-hydro(oxy)oxides composite with tunable Fe/Co ratios (Fe-Co) on nickel foam (NF) via a one-step electrodeposition technique.

New genetic resources for aphid resistance were identified from a newly developed wheat mutant library.

Reports on development of resilient wheat mutants to aphid infestation-causing heavy losses to wheat production in many parts of the world, are scanty. The present study aimed to identify genetic diversity of wheat mutants in terms of varying degree of resistance to aphid infestation which can help protect wheat crop, improve yields and enhance food security. Resistance response to aphid infestation was studied on newly developed 33 wheat mutants, developed through irradiating seed of an elite wheat cultivar "Punjab-11" with gamma radiations, during three normal growing seasons at two sites.

Ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration.

Cell death plays a crucial part in the process of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but its mechanisms remain elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a novel form of regulatory cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Numerous studies have suggested that ferroptosis participates in the degradation of retinal cells and accelerates the progression of AMD.

Targeting ZIP8 mediated ferroptosis as a novel strategy to protect against the retinal pigment epithelial degeneration.

The degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we identified that ZIP8, a metal-ion transporter, plays a crucial role in the degeneration of RPE cells mediated by ferroptosis.

Electronic Effect Promoted Visible-Light-Driven CO-to-CO Conversion in a Water-Containing System.

The design of unsaturated nonprecious metal complexes with high catalytic performance for photochemical CO reduction is still an important challenge. In this paper, four coordinatively unsaturated Co-salen complexes - were explored in situ using -phenylenediamine derivatives and 5-methylsalicylaldehyde as precursors of the ligands in -. It was found that complex , bearing a nitro substituent (-NO) on the aromatic ring of the salen ligand, exhibits the highest photochemical performance for visible-light-driven CO-to-CO conversion in a water-containing system, with TON and CO selectivity values of 5300 and 96%, respectively.

Cobalt-based tripodal complexes as molecular catalysts for photocatalytic CO reduction.

Construction of artificial photosynthetic systems including CO reduction is a promising pathway to produce carbon-neutral fuels and mitigate the greenhouse effect concurrently. However, the exploitation of earth-abundant catalysts for photocatalytic CO reduction remains a fundamental challenge, which can be assisted by a systematic summary focusing on a specific catalyst family. Cobalt-based complexes featuring tripodal ligands should merit more insightful discussion and summarization, as they are one of the most examined catalyst families for CO photoreduction.

Nanoreactor-based catalytic systems for therapeutic applications: Principles, strategies, and challenges.

Inspired by natural catalytic compartments, various synthetic compartments that seclude catalytic reactions have been developed to understand complex multistep biosynthetic pathways, bestow therapeutic effects, or extend biosynthetic pathways in living cells. These emerging nanoreactors possessed many advantages over conventional biomedicine, such as good catalytic activity, specificity, and sustainability. In the past decade, a great number of efficient catalytic systems based on diverse nanoreactors (polymer vesicles, liposome, polymer micelles, inorganic-organic hybrid materials, MOFs, etc.

Dynamic changes in macrophage subtypes during lung cancer progression and metastasis at single-cell resolution.

Background: Lung cancer remains a major global health challenge. Macrophages (Macs) are one important component of tumor microenvironments (TMEs); however, their prognostic relevance to lung cancer is currently unknown due to the complexity of their phenotypes.

Methods: In the present study, reanalysis and atlas reconstruction of downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data were used to systematically compare the component and transcriptional changes in Mac subtypes across different stages of lung cancer.

Identification of KASP markers and candidate genes for drought tolerance in wheat using 90K SNP array genotyping of near-isogenic lines targeting a 4BS quantitative trait locus.

This study identified a novel SNP and developed a highly efficient KASP marker for drought tolerance in wheat by genotyping NILs targeting a major QTL for drought tolerance using an SNP array and validation with commercial varieties. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important winter crop worldwide and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.

Russian Doll-like 3d-4f Cluster Wheels with Slow Relaxation of Magnetization.

The solvothermal reactions of LnCl·6HO and MCl·6HO (M = Co, Ni) with 2,2'-diphenol (HL) and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline (HL) gave three 3d-4f heterometallic wheel-like nano-clusters [LnM(L)(L)(-OH)(OCH)Cl(CHCN)]Cl·HO (Ln = Dy, M = Co, = 3 for ; Ln = Dy, M = Ni, = 0 for ; Ln = Tb, M = Ni, = 0 for ) with similar cluster structure. The innermost Ln(III) ion is encapsulated in a planar Ln ring which is further embedded in a chair-conformation M ring, constructing a Russian doll-like 3d-4f cluster wheel Ln(III)⸦Ln⸦M. and show obvious slow magnetic relaxation behavior with negligible opening of the magnetic hysteresis loop.

Single-cell RNA sequencing in dissecting microenvironment of age-related macular degeneration: Challenges and perspectives.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals over the age of 50 years, yet its etiology and pathogenesis largely remain uncovered. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies are recently developed and have a number of advantages over conventional bulk RNA sequencing techniques in uncovering the heterogeneity of complex microenvironments containing numerous cell types and cell communications during various biological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest discovered cellular components and regulatory mechanisms during AMD development revealed by scRNA-seq.

Diversification of three genes and their roles in sodium exclusion in bread wheat ( L.).

The ability to exclude sodium from the shoot is a crucial feature of salinity tolerance in bread wheat ( L.). The plasma membrane sodium/proton exchanger salt-overly-sensitive 1 (SOS1) is a critical Na.

NOTCH4 sensitizes lung adenocarcinomas to EGFR-TKIs through transcriptional down-regulation of HES1.

Resistance to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) remains one of the major challenges in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) therapy. Here, we find an increased frequency of the L12_16 amino acid deletion mutation in the signal peptide region of NOTCH4 (NOTCH4) in EGFR-TKI-sensitive patients. Functionally, exogenous induction of NOTCH4 in EGFR-TKI -resistant LUAD cells sensitizes them to EGFR-TKIs.

Periodic changes in chain lengths distribution parameters of wheat starch during endosperm development.

This study analyzed the molecular structure of developing wheat endosperm starch at different stages after anthesis (DAA) using chain length distribution analysis by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Our results revealed periodic changes in the content of both amylose and amylopectin fractions. Specifically, the content of amylose chains with a degree of polymerization (DP) > 100 significantly decreased from 5 to 10 DAA (28% to 21%) and from 15 to 20 DAA (29% to 26%), but increased between 10 and 15 DAA (21% to 29%) and 20 to 25 DAA (30.

Identification of major QTLs for yield-related traits with improved genetic map in wheat.

Introduction: Identification of stable major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits is important for yield potential improvement in wheat breeding.

Methods: In the present study, we genotyped a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population using the Wheat 660K SNP array and constructed a high-density genetic map. The genetic map showed high collinearity with the wheat genome assembly.

Electronic effects promoted the catalytic activities of binuclear Co(II) complexes for visible-light-driven CO reduction in a water-containing system.

Under the action of a catalyst, the photoinduced reduction of CO to chemicals and fuels is one of the greenest and environment-friendly approaches for decreasing atmospheric CO emissions. Since the environment was affected by the greenhouse effect, scientists have never stopped exploring efficient photoinduced CO reduction systems, particularly the highly desired non-noble metal complexes. Most of the currently reported complexes based on non-noble metals exhibit low catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability in aqueous systems under the irradiation of visible light.

Identification and validation of plant height, spike length and spike compactness loci in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and spike compactness (SCN) are important agronomic traits in wheat due to their strong correlations with lodging and yield. Thus, dissection of their genetic basis is essential for the improvement of plant architecture and yield potential in wheat breeding. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PH, SL and SCN in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross 'PuBing3228 × Gao8901' (PG-RIL) and to evaluate the potential values of these QTL to improve yield.

Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven CO-to-CO Conversion by Coordinatively Unsaturated Co-Salen Complexes in a Water-Containing System.

The development of cost-effective catalysts for CO reduction is highly desired but remains a significant challenge. The unsaturated coordination metal center in a catalyst is favorable for the process of catalytic CO reduction. In this paper, two asymmetric salen ligands were used to synthesize two coordinatively unsaturated Co-salen complexes.

Synthesis and antitumor activities of five Cu(II) complexes of bis(5-halosalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine derivatives.

The development of metal complexes of Schiff base has attracted much attention due to their DNA binding properties and extensive biological activities. We reported here five copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)] (1), [Cu(L2)] (2), [Cu(L3)] (3), [Cu2(L4)(OAc)] (4), and [Cu2(L5)(HCOO)] (5) bearing the bis-Schiff base ligands of bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (H2L1), bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (H2L2), bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (H2L3), bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-2-hydroxyl-1,3-propanediamine (H3L4), and bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-2-hydroxyl-1,3-propanediamine (H3L5), respectively. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis results revealed that complexes 1-3 present mononuclear structures and complexes 4 and 5 show dinuclear structures.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the regulatory mechanism of sulfur application in grain yield and protein content in wheat ( L.).

Sulfur fertilizers play an important role in increasing the yield and improving the dough quality of bread wheat, but their regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, 0 kg·ha (S0) and 60 kg·ha (S60) of sulfur were applied on the anthesis date; subsequently, immature wheat grains at 8, 13, and 18 days post-anthesis (DPA) were subjected to integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the changes in the gene/metabolite activity in a typical strong-gluten wheat, Gaoyou2018 (GY2018). Our data show that the S60 treatment could significantly increase the grain yield and grain protein content by 13.

Halogen-bridged binuclear iridium(III) complexes with enhanced photodynamic therapeutic effects in mitochondria.

The development of high-performance photosensitizers is the top priority in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Iridium complexes are widely used because of their many advantages such as high photostability, long T1 lifetime, high yield of singlet oxygen generation, and so on. Halogen-bridged binuclear complexes are often used as intermediates in the synthesis of photosensitizers but ignored in PDT applications.