α-Ketoglutarate plays an inflammatory inhibitory role by regulating scavenger receptor class a expression through N6-methyladenine methylation during sepsis.

Sepsis arises from an uncontrolled inflammatory response triggered by infection or stress, accompanied by alteration in cellular energy metabolism, and a strong correlation exists between these factors. Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate product of the TCA cycle, has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response and is considered a crucial link between energy metabolism and inflammation. The scavenger receptor (SR-A5), a significant pattern recognition receptor, assumes a vital function in anti-inflammatory reactions.

Dimethyl itaconate alleviates the pyroptosis of macrophages through oxidative stress.

Macrophages are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases as critical cells of the innate immune system. Pyroptosis is a form of macrophage death that induces cytokinesis of phagocytic substances in the macrophages, thereby defending against infection. Dimethyl itaconate (DI) is an analog of itaconic acid with anti-inflammatory effects.

Macrophages enhance lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis via Ang1 and NF-κB pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce apoptosis and dysfunction of endothelial cells. We aimed to reveal the effects of macrophages on cell proliferation and apoptosis in LPS induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). THP-1 derived macrophages and HUVECs were co-cultured in the presence of LPS.

Scavenger Receptor SCARA5 Acts as an HMGB1 Recognition Molecule Negatively Involved in HMGB1-Mediated Inflammation in Fish Models.

Scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein have become increasingly attractive for their critical functions in innate inflammatory reactions and disorders. However, the functional relevance between these two molecules has never been described. This study discovered that SCARA5 is an HMGB1 recognition receptor that is negatively involved in HMGB1-mediated inflammation in pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) models.

Characterization of SIGIRR/IL-1R8 Homolog from Zebrafish Provides New Insights into Its Inhibitory Role in Hepatic Inflammation.

Single Ig IL-1R-related molecule (SIGIRR, also called IL-1R8 or Toll/IL-1R [TIR]8), a negative regulator for Toll/IL-1R signaling, plays critical roles in innate immunity and various diseases in mammals. However, the occurrence of this molecule in ancient vertebrates and its function in liver homeostasis and disorders remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a SIGIRR homology from zebrafish (Danio rerio [DrSIGIRR]) by using a number of conserved structural and functional hallmarks to its mammalian counterparts.

TET2 plays an essential role in erythropoiesis by regulating lineage-specific genes via DNA oxidative demethylation in a zebrafish model.

Although epigenetic modulation is critical for a variety of cellular activities, its role in erythropoiesis remains poorly understood. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) molecules participate in methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylation, which results in DNA demethylation in several biological processes. In this research, the role of TETs in erythropoiesis was investigated by using the zebrafish model, where three TET homologs were identified.

Clinical evaluation of oral levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily dosage for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections: a prospective multicenter study in China.

Levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone agent, has a broad spectrum that covers Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and atypical pathogens. It demonstrates good clinical efficacy in the treatment of various infections, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral LVFX 500 mg once daily, a large open-label clinical trial was conducted in 1266 patients (899 with LRTIs and 367 with UTIs) at 32 centers in China.