Safinamide alleviates hyperalgesia via inhibiting hyperexcitability of DRG neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Pain is a widespread non-motor symptom that presents significant treatment challenges in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Safinamide, a new drug recently introduced for PD treatment, has demonstrated analgesic effects on pain in PD patients, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the analgesic and anti-PD effect of safinamide, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model was used, and rasagiline as positive control on motor symptoms.

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for colorectal cancer: Clinical implications and future considerations.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a crucial role in modulating immune response to cancer, and PD-L1 expression has been observed in tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment of CRC. Thus, immunotherapy drugs, specifically checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed to target the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 and restoring T-cell function in cancer cells.

PACAP/PAC1-R activation contributes to hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease model rats via promoting excitatory synaptic transmission of spinal dorsal horn neurons.

Pain is a common annoying non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) that causes distress to patients. Treatment for PD pain remains a big challenge, as its underlying mechanisms are elusive. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1-R play important roles in regulating a variety of pathophysiological processes.

Inhibition of Spinal 5-HT3 Receptor and Spinal Dorsal Horn Neuronal Excitability Alleviates Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized as a major factor associated with poor life quality of PD patients. However, classic therapeutic drugs supplying dopamine have limited therapeutic effects on PD-related pain. This suggests that there is a mechanism outside the dopamine system that causes pain in PD.

Induction of Parkinsonian-Like Changes via Targeted Downregulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in the Striatum.

Background: Previous investigations have suggested that decreased expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is involved in glutamate excitotoxicity and contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), GLT-1 is decreased in animal models of PD. GLT-1 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, and the striatum is a GLT-1-rich brain area.

Objective: The aim was to explore the function and mechanism of astrocytic GLT-1 in PD-like changes.

[Emission Inventory of Greenhouse Gas from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants and Its Temporal and Spatial Distribution in China].

Urban wastewater treatment plants are considered important greenhouse gas resources with massive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO) during operation. Based on the emission factor approach of pollutant reduction, the 2014 emission inventory of greenhouse gases (CO, CH, and NO) from urban wastewater treatment plants in China was established. In addition, the temporal and spatial distribution and influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed in this study.

Clinical observation of gastric bypass in treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass.

Topological and functional discovery in a gene coexpression meta-network of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of global cancer mortality, but comparatively little is known about the cellular pathways regulating different aspects of the gastric cancer phenotype. To achieve a better understanding of gastric cancer at the levels of systems topology, functional modules, and constituent genes, we assembled and systematically analyzed a consensus gene coexpression meta-network of gastric cancer incorporating >300 tissue samples from four independent patient populations (the "gastrome"). We find that the gastrome exhibits a hierarchical scale-free architecture, with an internal structure comprising multiple deeply embedded modules associated with diverse cellular functions.

Reduced expression of EphB2 that parallels invasion and metastasis in colorectal tumours.

EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase regulated by the beta-catenin/Tcf4 complex, is expressed in the proliferative compartment of mouse intestine and regulates bidirectional migration of intestinal precursor cells in the crypt-villus axis through repulsive interaction with Ephrin-B ligands. Recently, it has been shown that reduction of EphB activity accelerates colon tumour progression in the Apc(Min/+) mice. In this study, we examined the expression of EphB2 in normal colon, adenomas, primary colorectal cancers (CRCs), lymph node metastases and liver metastases using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays.

[Dynamic expression of antigen MG7 in the gastric cancer and gastric precancerous lesions].

Objective: To study the kinetics of MG7 expression in the process of gastric cancer development.

Methods: The expression level of antigen MG7 on gastric mucosa in 406 cases was determined by immunohistochemical techniques. The classification of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was determined by histochemistry techniques on gastric mucosa in 82 cases.

Expression of gastric cancer-associated MG7 antigen in gastric cancer, precancerous lesions and H. pylori -associated gastric diseases.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the antigen MG7 antigen expression and gastric cancer as well as precancerous condition; to study the relationship between the MG7 antigen expression and H. pylori infection in benign gastric lesions in order to find out the effect of H. pylori infection on the process of gastric cancer development.