Assessment of Oxidative Stress-Induced Oral Epithelial Toxicity.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated in living organisms and an excessive production of ROS culminates in oxidative stress and cellular damage. Notably, oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of oral mucosal diseases, including oral mucositis, which remains one of cancer treatments' most common side effects. We have shown previously that oral keratinocytes are remarkably sensitive to oxidative stress, and this may hinder the development and reproducibility of epithelial cell-based models of oral disease.

Novel, acidic, and cold-adapted glycoside hydrolase family 8 endo-β-1,4-glucanase from an Antarctic lichen-associated bacterium, PAMC 26568.

Endo-β-1,4-glucanase is a crucial glycoside hydrolase (GH) involved in the decomposition of cellulosic materials. In this study, to discover a novel cold-adapted β-1,4-D-glucan-degrading enzyme, the gene coding for an extracellular endo-β-1,4-glucanase (GluL) from PAMC 26568, an Antarctic lichen ()-associated bacterium, was identified and recombinantly expressed in BL21. The GluL gene (1044-bp) encoded a non-modular polypeptide consisting of a single catalytic GH8 domain, which shared the highest sequence identity of 55% with that of an uncharacterized protein from (WP_182950054).

Oxidative Stress and Chemoradiation-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Scoping Review of In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Studies.

Chemoradiation-induced mucositis is a debilitating condition of the gastrointestinal tract eventuating from antineoplastic treatment. It is believed to occur primarily due to oxidative stress mechanisms, which generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The aim of this scoping review was to assess the role of oxidative stress in the development of Oral Mucositis (OM).

Short-term storage of semen samples in acidic extender increases the proportion of females in pigs.

Background: Sex preselection is a desired goal of the animal industry to improve production efficiency, depending on industry demand. In the porcine industry, there is a general preference for pork from female and surgically castrated male pigs. Therefore, the birth of more females than males in a litter leads to economic benefits and improved animal welfare in the pig production industry.

Novel Bi-Modular GH19 Chitinase with Broad pH Stability from a Fibrolytic Intestinal Symbiont of , HY-13.

Endo-type chitinase is the principal enzyme involved in the breakdown of -acetyl-d-glucosamine-based oligomeric and polymeric materials through hydrolysis. The gene (966-bp) encoding a novel endo-type chitinase (ChiJ), which is comprised of an N-terminal chitin-binding domain type 3 and a C-terminal catalytic glycoside hydrolase family 19 domain, was identified from a fibrolytic intestinal symbiont of the earthworm , HY-13. The highest endochitinase activity of the recombinant enzyme (rChiJ: 30.

Novel Anti-Fungal d-Laminaripentaose-Releasing Endo-β-1,3-glucanase with a RICIN-like Domain from HY-13.

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase plays an essential role in the deconstruction of β-1,3-d-glucan polysaccharides through hydrolysis. The gene (1650-bp) encoding a novel, bi-modular glycoside hydrolase family 64 (GH64) endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GluY) with a ricin-type β-trefoil lectin domain (RICIN)-like domain from HY-13 was identified and biocatalytically characterized. The recombinant enzyme (rGluY: 57.

Combination Treatment of Arazyme and Soy Leaf Extract Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice.

Arazyme and extracts of soy leaves (ESLs) are used as ingredients for functional foods; however, their combined administration has not been studied. This study assessed the combined effect of Arazyme and ESLs in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice fed 2 mg/kg Arazyme, 50 mg/kg ESLs, or a combination of 2 mg/kg Arazyme and 50 mg/kg ESLs by oral gavage for 13 weeks. Individually, Arazyme and ESLs had no effect on the HFD-induced phenotypes.

Development of a novel denture care agent with highly active enzyme, arazyme.

Background: The importance of efficient denture deposit removal and oral hygiene has been further underscored by the continuous increase of denture wearers. Denture hygiene management has also become an important aspect associated with denture-induced stomatitis. This study aims to evaluate the denture cleaning effect of arazyme, the metalloprotease produced from the Serratia proteamaculans HY-3.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel, Cold-Adapted d-Xylobiose- and d-Xylose-Releasing Endo-β-1,4-xylanase from an Antarctic Soil Bacterium, sp. PAMC 27433.

Endo-β-1,4-xylanase is a key enzyme in the degradation of β-1,4-d-xylan polysaccharides through hydrolysis. A glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) endo-β-1,4-xylanase (XylR) from sp. PAMC 27433, an Antarctic soil bacterium, was identified and functionally characterized.

Arazyme Suppresses Hepatic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Like Mouse Model.

Arazyme, a metalloprotease from the spider , exerts hepatoprotective activity in CCL-induced acute hepatic injury. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like C57BL/6J mice. The mice were randomly divided into four groups ( = 10/group): the normal diet group, the HFD group, the arazyme group (HFD with 0.

Applications of capacitation status for litter size enhancement in various pig breeds.

Objective: Several studies have reported the development of new molecular methods for the prognosis and diagnosis of male fertility based on biomarkers aimed at overcoming the limitations of conventional male fertility analysis tools. However, further studies are needed for the field application of these methods. Therefore, alternative methods based on existing semen analysis methods are required to improve production efficiency in the animal industry.

Biocatalytic characterization of an endo-β-1,4-mannanase produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain HY-8.

Objectives: To evaluate the biocatalytic characteristics of a new endo-β-1,4-D-mannan-degrading enzyme (ManP) from Paenibacillus sp. strain HY-8, a gut bacterium of the longicorn beetle Moechotypa diphysis.

Results: Purified ManP (32 kDa) with an N-terminal amino acid sequence of APSFAVGADFSYVPG displayed the greatest degree of biocatalytic activity toward locust bean gum (LBG) at 55 °C and pH 7.

Soy Leaf Extract Containing Kaempferol Glycosides and Pheophorbides Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Enhancing Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Suppressing Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in db/db Mice.

This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effect of an ethanol extract of soy leaves (ESL) in db/db mice. Control groups (db/+ and db/db) were fed a normal diet (ND), whereas the db/db-ESL group was fed ND with 1% ESL for 8 weeks. Dietary ESL improved glucose tolerance and lowered plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride levels.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Soy Leaf via Regulation of Adipogenic Transcription Factors and Fat Oxidation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

The anti-obesity effects of extracts from soy leaves (SLE) cultivated for 8 weeks (8W) or 16 weeks (16W) were investigated in diet-induced obese mice. The effects of kaempferol, an aglycone of the kaempferol glycosides that are the major component of 8W-SLE, and coumestrol, the major component of 16W-SLE, were also investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), 8W-SLE (HFD+8W-SLE 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), 16W-SLE (HFD+16W-SLE 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and Garcinia cambogia extracts (GE) (HFD+GE 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) groups.

Inhibitory effect of arazyme on the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in BALB/c and Nc/Nga mice.

Arazyme is a metalloprotease released by Aranicola proteolyticus that was shown to inhibit cytokine release in HaCaT and endothelial cells. However, the regulatory effects of arazyme in atopic dermatitis remain to be fully understood. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory effects of arazyme in BALB/c and Nc/Nga mice induced with 2,4‑dinitrochlrobenzene (DNCB) were investigated.

Pterocarpan-enriched soy leaf extract ameliorates insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell proliferation in type 2 diabetic mice.

In Korea, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves are eaten as a seasonal vegetable or pickled in soy sauce.

Biocatalytic properties and substrate-binding ability of a modular GH10 β-1,4-xylanase from an insect-symbiotic bacterium, Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14.

The gene (1350-bp) encoding a modular β-1,4-xylanase (XylU), which consists of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module 2 (CBM 2), from Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14 was cloned and functionally characterized. The purified His-tagged recombinant enzyme (rXylU, 44.0 kDa) was capable of efficiently hydrolyze diverse xylosidic compounds, p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside, and p-nitrophenyl-xylopyranoside when incubated at pH 5.

The beneficial effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaf extracts in adults with prediabetes: a randomized placebo controlled trial.

The present study investigated the effects of soybean leaf extracts (SLEs) on blood glucose, insulin resistance, body fat and dyslipidemia in prediabetes subjects, and compared them with the effects of banaba extracts (BE) which is known to ameliorate diabetes in several animals and clinical studies. Overweight subjects with mild hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg dL(-1)) were randomly assigned to three groups and administered four capsules containing starch (2 g per day, Placebo), BE (300 mg per day, 0.3% corosolic acid) or SLE (2 g per day) during regular meals for 12 weeks.

Novel alkali-tolerant GH10 endo-β-1,4-xylanase with broad substrate specificity from Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum HY-17, a gut bacterium of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa orientalis.

The XylH gene (1,167-bp) encoding a novel hemicellulase (41,584 Da) was identified from the genome of Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum HY-17, a gastrointestinal bacterium of Gryllotalpa orientalis. The enzyme consisted of a single catalytic domain, which is 74% identical to that of an endo-β-1,4-xylanase (GH10) from Isoptericola variabilis 225. Unlike other endo-β- 1,4-xylanases from invertebrate-symbiotic bacteria, rXylH was an alkali-tolerant multifunctional enzyme possessing endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity together with β-1,3/β-1,4- glucanase activity, which exhibited its highest xylanolytic activity at pH 9.

Involvement of Nrf2-GSH signaling in TGFβ1-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition changes in rat renal tubular cells.

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. This phenotypic transition has been known to be involved in the development of chronic kidney diseases by activating profibrotic gene expression. Since oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the contributors to this TGFβ1-mediated pathology, we investigated the potential involvement of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), which is a key transcription factor for the regulation of multiple antioxidant genes, in TGFβ1-stimulated EMT gene changes using the rat proximal tubular epithelial cell line NRK52E.

Effect of arazyme on the lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory response in human endothelial cells.

Arazyme is a novel extracellular metalloprotease secreted by Aranicola proteolyticus. Endothelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases, induce uncontrolled cell viability and express various inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the current study, human umbilical vein endothelilal cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the anti‑inflammatory effects of arazyme following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Synergistic antimicrobial efficacy of mesoporous ZnO loaded with 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate isolated from the Moringa oleifera seed.

The antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds from seed extracts of Moringa oleifera and synergistic antimicrobial efficacy through hybridized complex of organic-inorganic composite materials were studied. The two main components of the Moringa oleifera seed were isolated and determined to be niazimicin and 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (RBI). The antimicrobial activity of the separated compounds of the Moringa oleifera seed were tested in vitro against 3 bacterial species and 2 fungal species by the paper disc diffusion assay and broth dilution methods.