[Enhancement Effects and Mechanisms of Microscale Zero Valent Iron on the Performance of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Waste Activated Sludge and Food Waste].

Focusing on low biogas yields in the anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and food waste, the enhancing effects and mechanisms of microscale zero valent iron (mZVI) on anaerobic co-digestion was investigated. The results indicated that the addition of mZVI enhanced the methanogenesis stage of co-digestion but had no significant effect on the solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification stages. With a dosage of 10 g·L mZVI, the cumulative methane yield (based on VS) within 15 days reached 238.

Ketoplatin in triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231: High efficacy and low toxicity, and positive impact on inflammatory microenvironment.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) shares the molecular features facilitating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributed to tumor invasion and metastasis. A platinum(IV) conjugate ketoplatin deriving from FDA-approved drugs cisplatin and ketoprofen was designed and prepared to enhance antitumor activity and suppress EMT in TNBC via positive impact on inflammatory microenvironment by modulating COX-2 signal. As a prodrug, ketoplatin afforded 50.

[Optimization of analysis methods for Astragali Radix and quality evaluation of standard decoction of Astragali Radix].

Astragali Radix is commonly used as bulk medicinal materials. Chinese Pharmacopoeia contains about 150 compound preparations of Astragali Radix, but the sample preparation method under the determination of Astragali Radix content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia is tedious and time-consuming, not convenient for the test of a large number of samples. Therefore, it is of great significance to simplify the sample preparation method and improve the practicability of the method for the quality control of Astragali Radix and its preparations.

Anomalous Mode Transitions in High Power Distributed Bragg Reflector Quantum Cascade Lasers.

In this paper, an anomalous spectral data of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting around 7.6 μm is presented. The two-section DBR lasers, consisting of a gain section and an unpumped Bragg reflector, display an output power above 0.

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of the Clinical Pathway Applied to Patients with Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in China.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common diseases in China. The incidence of CRS in the Chinese urban population is between 5 and 15%. It is difficult to cure with traditional surgery.

Demonstration of High-Power and Stable Single-Mode in a Quantum Cascade Laser Using Buried Sampled Grating.

High-power, low-threshold stable single-mode operation buried distributed feedback quantum cascade laser by incorporating sampled grating emitting at λ ~ 4.87 μm is demonstrated. The high continuous wave (CW) output power of 948 mW and 649 mW for a 6-mm and 4-mm cavity length is obtained at 20 °C, respectively, which benefits from the optimized optical field distribution of sampled grating.

New NSAID-Pt(IV) prodrugs to suppress metastasis and invasion of tumor cells and enhance anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo.

The great interest in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programme lies in its association with process of metastasis and invasion, which is a crucial cause of cancer-related death. Herein, we designed and reported three new NSAID-Pt(IV) prodrugs, taking Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to disrupt EMT programme and assist genotoxic platinum-based drugs as a cytotoxicity booster, to offer a class of potential anticarcinogens with a multi-functional action mechanism. The NSAID-Pt(IV) prodrugs, especially Eto-Pt(IV), highly enhanced cellular uptake with amount up to 42-fold at 3 h compared with CDDP, and greatly increased DNA damage and cell apoptosis, showing much higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin in the tested cancer cells even in A549/cis cells.

Low voltage-defect quantum cascade lasers based on excited-states injection at λ ∼ 8.5 μm.

A quantum cascade laser emitting at λ∼8.5  μm based on the excited-state injection is presented. The operating voltage is reduced for a low-voltage defect in the excited-state design, compared with the conventional ground-state injection design.

Chlorambucil-conjugated platinum(IV) prodrugs to treat triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Modification of platinum (II) into lipophilic platinum (IV) compounds by introducing biologically active molecules were widely employed to develop new platinum-based prodrugs in the past decade. In this paper, two chlorambucil platinum (IV) complexes, CLB-Pt and CLB-Pt-CLB, were synthesized and displayed very potent antiproliferative activity against all the tested cancer cell lines, such as A549, HeLa and MCF-7, especially to treat the well-known refractory triple-negative breast cancer. CLB-Pt-CLB significantly improved cell-killing effect in triple-negative subtype MDA-MB-231 cells, and showed much stronger cytotoxicity than either monotherapy or combination of cisplatin and chlorambucil.

Tapered Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays Integrated with Talbot Cavities.

Power scaling in broad area quantum cascade laser (QCL) usually leads to the deterioration of the beam quality with an emission of multiple lobes far-field pattern. In this letter, we demonstrate a tapered QCL array integrated with Talbot cavity at one side of the array. Fundamental supermode operation is achieved in the arrays with taper straight-end connected to the Talbot cavity.

Stable Single-Mode Operation of Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser by Optimized Reflectivity Facet Coatings.

In this work, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) based on strain compensation combined with two-phonon resonance design are presented. Distributed feedback (DFB) laser emitting at ~ 4.76 μm was fabricated through a standard buried first-order grating and buried heterostructure (BH) processing.

Room temperature continuous wave quantum dot cascade laser emitting at 7.2 μm.

We demonstrate a quantum cascade laser with active regions consisting of InAs quantum dots deposited on GaAs buffer layers that are embedded in InGaAs wells confined by InAlAs barriers. Continuous wave room temperature lasing at the wavelength of 7.2 μm has been demonstrated with the threshold current density as low as 1.

[Optimization Study on the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal of Modified Two- sludge System Under the Condition of Low Carbon Source].

This paper explored the method of resolving insufficient carbon source in urban sewage by comparing and analyzing denitrification and phosphorus removal (NPR) effect between modified two-sludge system and traditional anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic process under the condition of low carbon source wastewater. The modified two-sludge system was the experimental reactor, which was optimized by adding two stages of micro-aeration (aeration rate 0.5 L · mm⁻¹) in the anoxic period of the original two-sludge system, and multi-stage anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic SBR was the control reactor.

Effects of Cd(II) on wastewater biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

Short-term and long-term effects of Cd(II) on wastewater biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal were investigated with respect to microorganism abundances, enzyme activities, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and glycogen transformations. Though no obvious effects on wastewater biological nutrient removal were observed after short-term exposure, the long-term exposure of 10 mg L(-)(1) Cd(II) inhibited nitrification and phosphorus uptake. Compared with the absence of Cd(II), the presence of 10 mg L(-1) of Cd(II) decreased total nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies from 97% and 98% to 88% and 18%, respectively.

Enhancement of post-anoxic denitrification for biological nutrient removal: effect of different carbon sources.

Previous research has demonstrated that post-anoxic denitrification and biological nutrient removal could be achieved in the oxic/anoxic/extended-idle wastewater treatment regime. This study further investigated the effect of different carbon sources on post-anoxic denitrification and biological nutrient removal. Acetate, propionate (volatile fatty acids (VFAs)), glucose (carbohydrate), methanol, and ethanol (alcohol) were used as the sole carbon source, respectively.

Temperature influence on biological phosphorus removal induced by aerobic/extended-idle regime.

Previous researches have demonstrated that biological phosphorus removal (BPR) from wastewater could be driven by the aerobic/extended-idle (A/EI) regime. This study further investigated temperature effects on phosphorus removal performance in six A/EI sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operated at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C. The results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency increased with temperature increasing from 5 to 20 °C but slightly decreased when temperature continually increased to 30 °C.

Biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor operated as oxic/anoxic/extended-idle regime.

Previous researches have demonstrated that biological phosphorus removal from wastewater could be induced by oxic/extended-idle (O/EI) regime. In this study, an anoxic period was introduced after the aeration to realize biological nutrient removal. High nitrite accumulation ratio and polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis were obtained in the aeration and biological nutrient removal could be well achieved in oxic/anoxic/extended-idle (O/A/EI) regime for the wastewater used.

Intersubband absorption properties of high Al content AlxGa1-xN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown with different interlayers by metal organic chemical vapor deposition.

High Al content AlxGa1-xN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) films with different interlayers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. These MQWs were designed to achieve intersubband (ISB) absorption in the mid-infrared spectral range. We have considered two growth conditions, with AlGaN interlayer and GaN/AlN superlattice (SL) interlayer, both deposited on GaN-on-sapphire templates.

Manganese-electrolysed slag treatment: bioleaching of manganese by Fusarium sp.

A fungi strain named Fusarium sp. was isolated from manganese-electrolysed slag by using a gradient dilution spread plate method, identified by 26S RNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis, and explored for the bioleaching capacity to manganese (II) from manganese-electrolysed slag in liquid mineral medium under different environmental conditions, including system temperature, incubator rotation speed and initial pH value. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated the name of this fungi strain, that is, Fusarium sp.

The isolation, identification of sludge-lysing thermophilic bacteria and its utilization in solubilization for excess sludge.

A novel strain of thermophilic bacteria with a highly efficient sludge dissolution performance was isolated from garden soil at 65 degrees C in this study. The colony morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain were investigated. The results showed that the strain was Gram-positive, small rod-shaped, sporulating and secreted extracellular enzymes (protease and amylase).

[Comparison study on phosphorus removal between single-stage oxic process and anaerobic/aerobic process].

To compare the efficiency of phosphorus removal between anaerobic/aerobic process (SBR1) and single-stage oxic process (SBR2), two SBRs were conducted using acetate as the sole carbon source which is the most extensive substrate in municipal wastewater. The results obtained from three months experiment showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency and the TP removed on a unit MLSS were 91.72%, 3.

Simultaneous phosphate and CODcr removals for landfill leachate using modified honeycomb cinders as an adsorbent.

In this study, honeycomb cinders were employed to remove phosphate and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD(cr)) simultaneously for landfill leachate treatment. Operating conditions of honeycomb cinders pretreatment, pH, temperature, honeycomb cinders dosage, reaction time, and settling time, were evaluated and optimized. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of both phosphate and COD(cr) could be increased up to 99.