Retraction notice to "Neuroprotective effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on cognition deficits of diabetic encephalopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 150 (2013) 371-381].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase inhibition attenuates early brain injury induced neuronal apoptosis via decreasing p53 phosphorylation and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats.

Early brain injury (EBI)‑induced neuronal apoptosis is primarily responsible for the subsequent complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which may increase the risk of mortality in patients with aSAH. c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) has been demonstrated to be a promoter of EBI‑induced cell apoptosis, although the mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to explore whether the role of JNK1 is associated with tumor protein p53 (p53), which is one of the most important factor that triggers cell apoptosis.

Neuroprotective effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on cognition deficits of diabetic encephalopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LWDHD) is a well-known prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and consists of six crude drugs including Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (family: Scrophulariaceae), Cornus officinalis Sieb. (family: Cornaceae), Dioscorea oppositifolia L.