GV1001 reduces neurodegeneration and prolongs lifespan in 3xTg-AD mouse model through anti-aging effects.

GV1001, which mimics the activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, protects neural cells from amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and other stressors through extra-telomeric function, as noted in our prior studies. As per a recent phase II clinical trial, it improves cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe dementia. However, the underlying protective mechanisms remain unclear.

GV1001 modulates neuroinflammation and improves memory and behavior through the activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in a triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

GV1001 protects neural cells from amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity and other stressors in in vitro studies and demonstrates clinically beneficial effects in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of GV1001 in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice. We found that GV1001 improved memory and cognition in middle- and old-aged 3xTg-AD mice.

Design of Novel Tricaprylin-Incorporated Multi-Layered Liposomal System for Skin Delivery of Ascorbic Acid with Improved Chemical Stability.

L-ascorbic acid (Vit C) possesses a variety of dermatological functions in maintaining skin health and anti-aging properties. However, its topical application is challenging owing to its liability to light, oxygen, or heat. Therefore, in this study, a novel liposomal system, including a lipophilic neutral oil named a lipo-oil-some (LOS), was designed to improve the chemical stability and aid the skin absorption of Vit C.

Arterial spin labeling signal ratio between the lesion and contralateral sides for evaluation of acute middle cerebral artery infarct.

The purpose of our study was to differentiate arterial transit artifact from post-recanalization luxury perfusion on arterial spin labeling (ASL) image, and obtain the relationship between ASL signal intensity and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Thirty-five subjects with an acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct were enrolled (18 with recanalized and 17 with non-recanalized MCAs). ASL images were obtained using pseudo-continuous ASL technique with 1600 ms (millisecond) of post-label delay within 3 days from symptom onset.

CT texture analysis of tonsil cancer: Discrimination from normal palatine tonsils.

The purposes of the study were to determine whether there are differences in texture analysis parameters between tonsil cancers and normal tonsils, and to correlate texture analysis with 18F-FDG PET/CT to investigate the relationship between texture analysis and metabolic parameters. Sixty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the palatine tonsil were included. A ROI was drawn, including all slices, to involve the entire tumor.

Montelukast microsuspension with hypromellose for improved stability and oral absorption.

Oral montelukast (MTK) is prescribed to treat asthma or rhinitis, and is clinically investigated as new medication in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Herein, in order to better patient's compliance, microsuspensions (MSs)-based oral liquid preparations of montelukast (MTK) were formulated with polymeric suspending agents including hypromellose (HPMC), and those drug-polymer interaction, physicochemical stability, dissolution, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profile was evaluated. When amorphous MTK particle was suspended in aqueous vehicle, it was readily converted into crystalline form and grown into aggregates, drastically lowering dissolution rate.

Brain activation in response to visual sexual stimuli in male patients with right middle cerebral artery infarction: The first case-control functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Sexual dysfunction is a common problem after cerebral infarction; however, little is known about sexual arousal in poststroke patients. Thus, this study aimed to investigate brain activation in response to visual sexual stimuli in patients with right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using fMRI in 20 participants (11 right MCA infarction patients and 9 age-matched healthy controls), we assessed brain activation elicited by visual sexual stimuli (erotic images) and visual nonsexual stimuli (landscape images).

Effect of Penetration Enhancers on Toenail Delivery of Efinaconazole from Hydroalcoholic Preparations.

The incorporation of permeation enhancers in topical preparations has been recognized as a simple and valuable approach to improve the penetration of antifungal agents into toenails. In this study, to improve the toenail delivery of efinaconazole (EFN), a triazole derivative for onychomycosis treatment, topical solutions containing different penetration enhancers were designed, and the permeation profiles were evaluated using bovine hoof models. In an in vitro permeation study in a Franz diffusion cell, hydroalcoholic solutions (HSs) containing lipophilic enhancers, particularly prepared with propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate (Labrafac PG), had 41% higher penetration than the HS base.

Microbleeds in the Corpus Callosum in Anoxic Brain Injury.

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between callosal microbleeds and anoxic brain injury.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven patients with anoxic brain injuries were analyzed and retrospectively compared to the control group of patients without a history of anoxic brain injury using Fisher's exact test regarding comorbidities and cerebral microbleeds. The patient group was subdivided according to the presence of callosal microbleeds.

A novel visual ranking system based on arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging for evaluating perfusion disturbance in patients with ischemic stroke.

We developed a visual ranking system by combining the parenchymal perfusion deficits (PPD) and hyperintense vessel signals (HVS) on arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging. This study aimed to assess the performance of this ranking system by correlating with subtypes classified based on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging for evaluating the perfusion disturbance observed in patients with ischemic stroke. 32 patients with acute or subacute infarcts detected by DSC imaging were reviewed.

Terahertz continuous wave system using phase shift interferometry for measuring the thickness of sub-100-μm-thick samples without frequency sweep.

A terahertz continuous wave system is demonstrated for thickness measurement using Gouy phase shift interferometry without frequency sweep. One arm of the interferometer utilizes a collimated wave as a reference, and the other arm applies a focused beam for sample investigation. When the optical path difference (OPD) of the arms is zero, a destructive interference pattern is produced.

Glia-Like Cells from Late-Passage Human MSCs Protect Against Ischemic Stroke Through IGFBP-4.

Stem cell therapy is considered to be a promising future treatment for intractable neurological diseases, although all the clinical trials using stem cells have not yet shown any good results. Early passage mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in most clinical trials because of the issues on safety and efficacy. However, it is not easy to get plenty of cells enough for the treatment and it costs too much.

The clinical value of 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MR images in sudden hearing loss.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3.0 Tesla (3T) 3D-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Study Design: Case series with comparisons.

Relationship between cerebral microbleeds and white matter MR hyperintensities in systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are known to be associated with small vessel diseases (SVD) and neuroinflammation. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between CMBs and WMH in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Thirty-one SLE patients with WMH and 27 SLE patients with normal brain MRI were compared.

Respiratory syncytial virus-associated seizures in Korean children, 2011-2016.

Purpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause various neurological complications. This study aimed to investigate the RSV-associated neurologic manifestations that present with seizures.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged less than 15 years with laboratory-confirmed RSV infections and seizures between January 2011 and December 2016 in a regional hospital in South Korea.

Terahertz rectifier exploiting electric field-induced hot-carrier effect in asymmetric nano-electrode.

Rectifiers have been used to detect electromagnetic waves with very low photon energies. In these rectifying devices, different methods have been utilized, such as adjusting the bandgap and the doping profile, or utilizing the contact potential of the metal-semiconductor junction to produce current flow depending on the direction of the electric field. In this paper, it is shown that the asymmetric application of nano-electrodes to a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure can produce such rectification characteristics, and a terahertz (THz) wave detector based on the nano-MSM structure is proposed.

Clinical value of 4-hour delayed gadolinium-Enhanced 3D FLAIR MR Images in Acute Vestibular Neuritis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3.0 Tesla three-dimensional (3D) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in acute vestibular neuritis.

Study Design: A prospective observational study.

Tracking and protection of transplanted stem cells using a ferrocenecarboxylic acid-conjugated peptide that mimics hTERT.

In vivo tracking of transplanted stem cells has been a central aim of stem cell therapy. Although many tracking systems have been introduced, no method has yet been validated for clinical applications. We developed a novel sophisticated peptide (GV1001) that mimics hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) and analysed its ability to track and protect stem cells after transplantation.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the motor cortex: a comparison of susceptibility among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and healthy controls.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in motor cortex susceptibility among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and healthy controls using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 78 QSM images from 26 patients with ALS, 26 age- and sex-matched patients with CVD, and 26 healthy controls. A region of interest was drawn in the hand lobule of both the motor cortexes and subcortical white matter.

Characteristic MR findings suggesting presumed labyrinthine hemorrhage.

Objectives: To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of labyrinthine hemorrhage as a cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Methods: MRI scans of 59 patients with SSNHL were retrospectively analyzed and compared to clinical features and audiometry data. MR images included pre-enhanced T1-weighted, 3D FLAIR volume isometric turbo spin-echo acquisition (VISTA), post-enhanced T1-weighted and 4-h-delayed enhanced FLAIR VISTA, and 3D thin-section proton density-weighted images.

Transient Isolated Lower Bulbar Palsy With Elevated Serum Anti-GM1 and Anti-GD1b Antibodies During Aripiprazole Treatment.

Background: Transient bulbar palsy without involvement of the facial or extraocular muscles is a rare presentation. It is considered a form of cranial polyneuropathy, a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome that is related to the autoimmune mechanisms induced by preceding infections or vaccinations. However, drug-induced cranial polyneuropathy has not previously been reported.

Retrograde Stent-assisted Coil Embolization of Wide-neck or Branch-incorporated Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm.

Endovascular coil embolization using a balloon- or stent-assisted technique for the treatment of wide-necked posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms is well established. However, complete aneurysm occlusion with preservation of the PcomA can be difficult in case of wide-neck aneurysms with a PcomA incorporation. We present two cases of stent-assisted coil embolization using a retrograde approach through the posterior circulation for wide-neck or branch-incorporated PcomA aneurysms.

Improvement of Terahertz Wave Radiation for InAs Nanowires by Simple Dipping into Tap Water.

We report improvement of terahertz (THz) wave radiation for Si-based catalyst-free InAs nanowires (NWs) by simple dipping into tap water (DTW). In addition, the possibility of using InAs NWs as a cost-effective method for biomedical applications is discussed by comparison to bulk InAs. The peak-to-peak current signals (PPCSs) of InAs NWs measured from THz time-domain spectroscopy increased with increasing NW height.

Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Case reports and literature review.

We describe two cases of non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and multifocal stenosis of the intracranial arteries. The patients' histories together with magnetic resonance angiography, vessel wall imaging and transcranial Doppler (TCD) indicated that the SAH was due to vasculitis or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Differential diagnosis of vasculitis and RCVS is important because the treatment strategies are different: immunosuppressants in vasculitis and calcium channel blockers in RCVS.