Emergence of H5N8 avian influenza virus in domestic geese in a wild bird habitat, Yishui Lake, north central China.

• H5N8 viruses emerged in the wild bird habitat at Yishui Lake. • The homology between HG12 and a Russian human strain was over 99%. • HG12 can be transmitted through direct contact between guinea pigs.

Synthesis and self-sensitized photo-oxidation of 2-fulleropyrrolines by palladium(ii)-catalyzed heteroannulation of [60]fullerene with benzoyl hydrazone esters.

A convenient and efficient Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed N-heteroannulation reaction of [60]fullerene with benzoyl hydrazone esters was exploited to synthesize novel and scarce N-unsubstituted 2-fulleropyrrolines via the formation of C-C and C-N bonds. Besides, the self-sensitized photo-oxidation of 2-fulleropyrrolines was first discovered under very mild conditions to yield a ketoamide fullerene derivative in high yields. The reaction kinetics of this self-sensitized photo-oxidation has been explored, indicating that this photo-oxidation process is a first-order reaction possessing a low reaction activation energy (2.

Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Aroyl Compounds via Enolate-Mediated sp C-H Bond Activation and Hydroxylation.

A convenient and highly efficient palladium-catalyzed reaction of [60]fullerene (C) with aroyl compounds via enolate-mediated C-H activation and hydroxylation has been exploited for the first time to synthesize novel C-fused dihydrofurans, and rare 1,4-fullerenols. Further functionalization including etherification, and esterification of synthesized 1,4-fullerenols provided efficient access to versatile fullerene derivatives. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism leading to the observed products is proposed.