The Perioperative NonaGEnaRIan And cenTenarian suRgICal (GERIATRIC) Risk Stratification Tool.

Objective: To develop age-appropriate nonaGEnaRIan And cenTenarian suRgICal (GERIATRIC) risk tool for classifying patients who may or may not develop postoperative complications or die within their index hospital admission.

Background: There are no validated perioperative risk stratification tools for use in nonagenarian and centenarian patients-people aged 90 to 99 years and >100 years.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, nonagenarians and centenarians undergoing any surgical procedure were profiled.

Assessment of hemodynamic changes in gastric varices using CT findings before and after vascular plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO) and evaluation of treatment outcomes.

Purpose: To assess the treatment outcomes of vascular plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO) for gastric varices based on hemodynamic changes observed in pre- and post-procedural CT scans.

Methods: This single-center study included 43 patients with gastric varices who underwent PARTO between June 2017 and December 2023. Peri-procedural CT and endoscopic findings were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the afferent and draining veins of gastric varices, identify any residual varices or afferent veins after treatment, assess the technical and clinical successes, and determine statistically significant variables associated with clinical success.

Resolution dependence of vessel size index across various brain regions.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excels at detecting quantitative changes in microvascular parameters such as cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and vessel size index (VSI), which are essential for diagnosing and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Absolute VSI estimation, often utilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents, relies on measuring transverse relaxation rates (∆R and ∆R). This study systematically investigates the spatial resolution dependence of VSI using Monte Carlo simulations and in vivo rat brain MRI experiments.

Prediction of human pharmacokinetic parameters incorporating SMILES information.

This study aimed to develop a model incorporating natural language processing analysis for the simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) to predict clearance (CL) and volume of distribution at steady state (V) in humans. The construction of CL and V prediction models involved data from 435 to 439 compounds, respectively. In machine learning, features such as animal pharmacokinetic data, in vitro experimental data, molecular descriptors, and SMILES were utilized, with XGBoost employed as the algorithm.

Speech Perception Ability and Subjective Satisfaction After Upgrade of Speech Processor in Cochlear Implantation.

Cochlear implant (CI) users face the decision of whether to upgrade to a new sound processor (SP) with technological advances. We wanted to assess the changes of speech perception ability and aided hearing thresholds as well as subjective satisfaction after upgrade to a new SP. Fifty-five patients who have used CI for 10 years or more and upgraded to a new SP were enrolled.

Cost burden following esophagectomy: A single centre observational study.

Background: Cost analyses of patients undergoing esophagectomy is valuable for identifying modifiable expenditure drivers to target and curtail costs while improving the quality of care. We aimed to define the cost-complication relationship after esophagectomy and delineate the incremental contributions to costs.

Aim: To assess the relationship between the hospital costs and potential cost drivers post esophagectomy and investigate the relationship between the cost-driving variables (predicting variables) and hospital costs (dependent variable).

Recurrence-free survival after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer between inhalational gas anesthesia and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia: a multicenter, randomized, clinical trial (GAS TIVA trial): protocol description.

Background: Surgery is the primary treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but microscopic residual disease may be unavoidable. Preclinical studies have shown that volatile anesthetics might suppress host immunity and promote a pro-malignant environment that supports cancer cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, whereas propofol may preserve cell-mediated immunity and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. However, clinical evidence that propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) can reduce tumor recurrence after curative resection remains inconsistent due to the retrospective observational nature of previous studies.

Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Butterfly Inlay Cartilage Myringoplasty.

Objective: To review a 3-year case series of endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty performed by a single surgeon (W.S.K.

Methadone in combination with magnesium, ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine improves postoperative outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: an observational multicentre study.

Background: An optimal pharmacological strategy for fast-track cardiac anesthesia (FTCA) is unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of an FTCA program using methadone and non-opioid adjuvant infusions (magnesium, ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across private and public teaching sectors.

Mesh migration into esophagogastric junction after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair; how to prevent it? A case report.

Although the use of mesh reinforcement during large hiatal hernia repair may reduce the rate of recurrence, various mesh-related complications have been reported. A 65-year-old woman presented with dysphagia. The patient was diagnosed with a large hiatal hernia and treated with laparoscopic fundoplication and Collis gastroplasty with mesh repair.

The effect of an intraoperative patient-specific, surgery-specific haemodynamic algorithm in improving textbook outcomes for hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery: a multicentre retrospective study.

Background: The concept of a "textbook outcome" is emerging as a metric for ideal surgical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an advanced haemodynamic monitoring (AHDM) algorithm on achieving a textbook outcome in patients undergoing hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery.

Methods: This retrospective, multicentre observational study was conducted across private and public teaching sectors in Victoria, Australia.

Venovenous bypass in adult liver transplant recipients: A single-center observational case series.

Background: Very little information is currently available on the use and outcomes of venovenous bypass (VVB) in liver transplantation (LT) in adults in Australia. In this study, we explored the indications, intraoperative course, and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent VVB in a high-volume LT unit.

Methods: The study was a single-center, retrospective observational case series of adult patients who underwent VVB during LT at Austin Health in Melbourne, Australia between March 2008 and March 2022.

Anaesthetic and perioperative considerations for extrapleural pneumonectomy and extended pleurectomy/decortication: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and extended pleurectomy/decortication (ePD) are surgical cytoreductive techniques aimed at achieving macroscopic resection in malignant pleural tumours such as pleural mesothelioma, non-mesothelioma pleural malignancies such as thymoma and sarcoma, and rarely for pleural tuberculosis, in a more limited fashion. Despite extensive studies on both surgical techniques and consequences, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how best to approach the perioperative anaesthesia challenges for EPP and ePD.It is unknown if the risk stratification processes for such surgeries are standardised or what types of functional and dynamic cardiac and pulmonary tests are employed preoperatively to assist in the perioperative risk stratification.

Piezo strain-controlled phase transition in single-crystalline Mott switches for threshold-manipulated leaky integrate-and-fire neurons.

Electrical manipulation of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in quantum materials has attracted considerable attention toward the development of ultracompact neuromorphic devices because of their stimuli-triggered transformations. VO is expected to undergo abrupt electronic phase transition by piezo strain near room temperature; however, the unrestricted integration of defect-free VO films on piezoelectric substrates is required to fully exploit this emerging phenomenon in oxide heterostructures. Here, we demonstrate the integration of single-crystalline VO films on highly lattice-mismatched PMN-PT piezoelectric substrates using a single-crystal TiO-nanomembrane (NM) template.

Changes in intraocular pressure following intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with history of glaucoma filtration surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure following intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection, specifically in patients undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery.

Methods: The degree of increase in intraocular pressure was compared retrospectively among three groups. Group 1 comprised patients who underwent prior glaucoma filtration surgery (54 eyes).

Development of a deep learning model to distinguish the cause of optic disc atrophy using retinal fundus photography.

The differential diagnosis for optic atrophy can be challenging and requires expensive, time-consuming ancillary testing to determine the cause. While Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and optic neuritis (ON) are both clinically significant causes for optic atrophy, both relatively rare in the general population, contributing to limitations in obtaining large imaging datasets. This study therefore aims to develop a deep learning (DL) model based on small datasets that could distinguish the cause of optic disc atrophy using only fundus photography.

Effect of ultrafiltration on whole blood coagulation profile during cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Ultrafiltration (UF) would enhance coagulation profiles by concentrating coagulation elements during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 75 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery with rotational thromboelastometry-based coagulation management in a university hospital and analyzed the UF-induced changes in the maximum clot firmness (MCF) of extrinsically activated test with tissue factor (EXTEM) during CPB in 30 patients.

Results: The median volume of filtered-free water was 1,350 ml, and median hematocrit was significantly increased from 22.

Urinary metabolite biomarkers of pregnancy complications associated with maternal exposure to particulate matter.

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is associated with reproductive health and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Transjugular approach: comparison with conventional endovascular treatment of native arteriovenous fistulas.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of the transjugular approach with those of the conventional approach for endovascular treatment of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs).

Methods: Between May 2015 and July 2019, 112 patients with endovascular treatment of dysfunctional or immature AVFs were included and divided into the transjugular (n = 46) and conventional (n = 66) groups. Electronic medical records and angiography of the patients were retrospectively reviewed to assess technical and clinical success rates, time to first fistulography, total procedure time, primary and secondary patency, and complications in both groups.