Clinical features of chronic fungal rhinosinusitis in Korean geriatric and non-geriatric patients.

Purpose: Worldwide, the incidence of chronic fungal rhinosinusitis (CFRS) has increased. Although ageing leads to weakening of the immune system, which increases susceptibility to CFRS, the CFRS characteristics in geriatric patients are unclear. Therefore, we comparatively analysed the clinical characteristics of CFRS in geriatric and non-geriatric patients.

Vulnerable Factors Affecting Urinary N-Methylformamide Concentration among Migrant Workers in Manufacturing Industries in Comparison with Native Workers in the Republic of Korea (2012-2019).

Background: Occupational studies on N-N-dimethylformamide (DMF) exposure among migrant workers in Korea are scarce. We determined the urine concentration of N-methylformamide (NMF) among migrant workers with DMF exposure and compared the data with those of native workers.

Methods: Data were collected from Workers' Special Health Examination and Work Environment Monitoring databases during 2014-2019.

Carbon monoxide poisoning-induced encephalopathy in a carbon dioxide arc welder: a case report.

Background: It is widely known that carbon dioxide (CO) arc welding generates carbon monoxide (CO). However, to the best of our knowledge, no case reports have been published regarding CO poisoning in CO arc welders. Therefore, we aimed to report a case of CO poisoning-induced encephalopathy in a CO arc welder in the Republic of Korea to inform about the dangers of CO exposure among COarc welders.

Occurrence of a postoperative maxillary mucocele 20 years after orbital wall reconstruction.

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinus are epithelial-lined cystic structures filled with mucus and have multiple etiologies, including recurrent inflammation, trauma, or intrinsic disease. Particularly, a postoperative maxillary mucocele (POMM) is a delayed complication of radical surgery of the maxillary sinus, and most cases occur after Caldwell-Luc operations. Patients mainly complain of facial swelling, toothache, and tenderness.

Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis with Concomitant Middle Ear Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by (MTB), can affect the lungs (pulmonary TB) as well as other sites (extrapulmonary TB). Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis (NPTB) is a rare type of extrapulmonary TB. Since NPTB has nonspecific clinical presentation with low index of suspicion, it is difficult for clinicians to make an early diagnosis and proper treatment.

Assessment of risks for breast cancer in a flight attendant exposed to night shift work and cosmic ionizing radiation: a case report.

Background: Some epidemiological studies have estimated exposure among flight attendants with and without breast cancer. However, it is difficult to find a quantitative evaluation of occupational exposure factors related to cancer development individually in the case of breast cancer in flight attendants. That is, most, if not all, epidemiological studies of breast cancer in flight attendants with quantitative exposure estimates have estimated exposure in the absence of individual flight history data.

Integrated bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiling data to identify combinatorial biomarkers in inflammatory skin disease.

Selection of appropriate biomarker to identify inflammatory skin diseases is complicated by the involvement of thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across multiple cell types and organs. This study aimed to identify combinatorial biomarkers in inflammatory skin diseases. From one gene expression microarray profiling dataset, we performed bioinformatic analyses on dataset from lesional skin biopsies of patients with inflammatory skin diseases (atopic dermatitis [AD], contact eczema [KE], lichen planus [Li], psoriasis vulgaris [Pso]) and healthy controls to identify the involved pathways, predict upstream regulators, and potential measurable extracellular biomarkers.

Pott Puffy Tumor Caused by Dental Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Pott puffy tumor (PPT), first described by Sir Percivall Pott in 1760, is a rare clinical entity characterized by a subperiosteal abscess associated with osteomyelitis of the frontal bone caused by direct or hematogenous spread. Although rare in this modern age of antibiotics, this tumor usually occurs as a complication of sinusitis. Moreover, intracranial complications such as subdural abscess, meningitis, sinus thrombosis, or brain abscess can occur concomitantly with the underlying sinusitis, despite the administration of antibiotics.

Can the sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxin predict the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis?

Background: Evidence is accumulating that Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role as a disease modifier in upper and lower airway disease. We aimed to assess the association of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with allergic multimorbidity as well as the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 97 subjects aged 6 years or older between March 2018 and June 2019 and analysed symptom scores, computed tomography scores, serum IgE levels to SEs, serum total and specific IgE levels to inhalant allergens.

Prospective assessment of gustatory function after radiotherapy for head and neck cancers.

Background: Taste disorders are major causes of morbidity in patients undergoing head and neck irradiation. We quantitatively assessed the gustatory function of patients with head and neck cancers who underwent radiotherapy using recently developed standardised tools for measuring taste.

Methods: Twenty patients undergoing head and neck irradiation responded to a specific questionnaire and were assessed by olfactory and gustatory function tests.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma originating from a minor salivary gland in the nasal septum: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is an extremely rare, malignant neoplasm that occurs most frequently in the major salivary glands and accounts for approximately 1% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Few reports have described the presence of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in the sinonasal region; hence, the treatment guideline and prognosis remain unclear.

Patient Concerns: We reported a case of a 75-year-old woman with complaint of nasal obstruction and frequent epistaxis for 3 years.

Three Cases of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Combined With Reduced Exhaled Nitric Oxide.

Objectives: The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is often delayed in part related to the limitations of the available diagnostic tests. We present 3 cases of PCD diagnosed using an exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurement.

Methods: Three cases with a clinical phenotype consistent with PCD were evaluated using an eNO assay with additional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or genetic panel testing.

Eosinophil extracellular trap formation is closely associated with disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis regardless of nasal polyp status.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory airway disease involving non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic phenotypes, which translate to various endotypes. Activated eosinophils and neutrophils are known to generate extracellular traps consisting of DNA and cytotoxic granule proteins. We sought to investigate the presence of eosinophil and neutrophil extracellular traps (EETs and NETs, respectively) in human CRS tissues and to clarify the associations with their clinical features.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the Elderly Population of Korea.

Background: Although a significant number of the clinical features and pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been described, only a few studies have been published on characterization of CRS in the field of aging.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of CRS in elderly (≥65 years old) Koreans using large-scale nationwide epidemiological data and compared the risk factors of elderly with those of younger adult participants (19-64 years old).

Methods: Data from 25 529 participants who completed the 2008-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Secondary to Intralabyrinthine Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: A number of etiologies of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) have been proposed, including viral infection, vascular disturbance, and immune-mediated mechanisms. Intralabyrinthine hemorrhage (ILH) as a cause of SSNHL is extremely rare, and there have been no studies defining the characteristics of hearing impairment and prognosis in patients with ISSNHL due to ILH. This study aimed to investigate the difference in impaired hearing patterns and prognosis for hearing recovery between patients with ISSNHL due to ILH confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sex- and age-matched patients with ISSNHL due to causes other than ILH.

Engraftment and regenerative effects of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation on damaged rat olfactory mucosa.

To develop a new therapeutic method to treat olfactory deficits, we investigated the engraftment and regenerative effects of transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on damaged rat olfactory mucosa. To induce olfactory nerve degeneration, one side of the olfactory mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats was damaged via Triton X-100 irrigation. Phosphate-buffered saline containing syngeneic BMSCs was injected into the olfactory mucosa for transplantation.

The effect of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for restoration of olfactory disorder.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on olfactory epithelium (OE) of morphologic and functional restoration following neural Sensorineural Disorder in rats. Except the Normal group, twenty-one rats underwent Triton X-100 (TX-100) irrigation to induce degeneration of OE, and then BMSCs and PBS were treated from the both medial canthus to the rear part of the both nasal cavity into the experimental group and then were observed for restoration according to time point. At two and four weeks after transplantation with BMSCs, restoration of OE was observed with olfactory marker protein (OMP) and behavioral test.

Association of hearing impairment with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of the Korean general population.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the association between hearing impairment and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the largest population-based cross-sectional study to date.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES). It included 5226 participants ≥19 years of age whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hearing threshold had been measured.

An absorbable thread suture technique to treat snoring.

We investigated a novel, minimally invasive surgery that uses an absorbable suture technique to treat snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea. This simple procedure was developed to increase the stiffness of the soft palate and to promote uvula elevation with sutures. Thirty-five snorer and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients were included in this study.

Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in first-time and recurrent idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective: To determine if the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with recurrent idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) differ from those in healthy people and non-recurrent ISSNHL patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of 16 patients with recurrent ISSNHL was performed with strict exclusion criteria. Independent variables were NLR and PLR, which yielded four groups (control, non-recurrent, recurrent-first attack, and recurrent-second attack groups).

Prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis: Korean multicenter study.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is often accompanied by multiple ocular symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ocular symptoms and the impact of ocular symptoms on the quality of life in patients with AR.

Methods: One thousand one hundred seventy-four patients with AR were enrolled from 24 centers in Korea.

A new nose tip-defining technique for Asians using autologous cartilage prefabricated with octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive.

Objectives: To form and test a prefabricated, 3-dimensional tip graft structure from autologous cartilage pieces and octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive (Dermabond). Displacement and instability of grafted cartilage are common drawbacks of endonasal tip surgery, and we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive for clinical use.

Methods: Three New Zealand rabbits were examined in this study.