Serological surveillance of GI norovirus reveals persistence of blockade antibody in a Jidong community-based prospective cohort, 2014-2018.

Introduction: Herd immunity against norovirus (NoV) is poorly understood in terms of its serological properties and vaccine designs. The precise neutralizing serological features of genotype I (GI) NoV have not been studied.

Methods: To expand insights on vaccine design and herd immunity of NoVs, seroprevalence and seroincidence of NoV genotypes GI.

Generalizability of machine learning for classification of schizophrenia based on resting-state functional MRI data.

Machine learning has increasingly been applied to classification of schizophrenia in neuroimaging research. However, direct replication studies and studies seeking to investigate generalizability are scarce. To address these issues, we assessed within-site and between-site generalizability of a machine learning classification framework which achieved excellent performance in a previous study using two independent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets collected from different sites and scanners.

Prospection deficits in schizophrenia: Evidence from clinical and subclinical samples.

Previous research has revealed anticipatory pleasure deficits in people with schizophrenia and people with social anhedonia but who do not have schizophrenia. Prospection is an important component of anticipatory pleasure, but little is known about the role of prospection in social anhedonia. In 2 studies, we investigated prospection and anticipatory pleasure in people with schizophrenia and people with social anhedonia using an affective prospection task and a self-report measure, the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS).

Heritability estimates of spatial working memory and set-shifting in a healthy Chinese twin sample: A preliminary study.

Impairments in spatial working memory (SWM) and set-shifting abilities have both been consistently observed in individuals with schizophrenia and are considered to be potential endophenotypes of this illness. However, an endophenotype needs to fulfill a set of stringent criteria, including heritability. This study examined the heritability of these two functions in a healthy Chinese twin sample.

Revisiting the persistent negative symptoms proxy score using the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms.

Objective: The present study aimed to validate a severity cut-off of negative symptoms for persistent negative symptoms (PNS) identification using the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS).

Method: A total of 206 patients with schizophrenia were recruited and divided into the PNS group (n = 57) and the Non-PNS group (n = 149) using PNS criteria based on the SANS and the SAPS. To determine the appropriate cut-offs on the CAINS in identifying PNS, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted in the PNS and Non-PNS groups.

Low-pleasure beliefs in patients with schizophrenia and individuals with social anhedonia.

Anhedonia in schizophrenia has been suggested to comprise a set of low-pleasure beliefs, defined as beliefs that certain things/activities were not pleasurable or that one does not feel pleasant generally. However, no instrument has been intentionally developed to specifically measure low-pleasure beliefs, and there is a paucity of empirical evidence for low-pleasure beliefs and their relationship with anhedonia in both patients with schizophrenia and individuals with high social anhedonia. We developed and validated the Beliefs About Pleasure Scale (BAPS) using non-clinical (Studies 1, 2 & 3), chronic schizophrenia (Study 2), and first episode schizophrenia (Study 3) samples.

Cross Cultural Validation and Extension of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in the Chinese Context: Evidence from a Spectrum Perspective.

The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) was designed in accordance with the recent theory and research in social affective neuroscience and to address the psychometric and conceptual limitations of other instruments assessing negative symptoms. The present study aimed to provide a large-scale validation of the CAINS in China and examine its applicability and validity evidence across the schizophrenia spectrum. Using confirmatory factor analysis, our results replicated the original findings in the US development samples that the CAINS possesses a stable 2-factor structure, namely "motivation/pleasure" and "expression".

An attempt at revisiting the factor structure of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire in the Chinese setting.

This study examined the factor structure of the Chinese version of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) in a large nonclinical sample of college students (n = 1,586). All participants completed the self-report version of the DEX. An exploratory factor analysis was first performed on a sub-sample (randomly split, n = 766) and produced a four-factor model (Volition, Intentionality, Inhibition, and Abstract Problem-Solving), which was similar to previous models reported in Western samples.

[Effect of leech on VSMCs in early atherosclerosis rats via p38MAPK signaling pathway].

To explore the effect of leech on proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) in early atherosclerosis rats via p38MAPK signaling pathway and investigate its possible mechanism. Biochemical analyzer was used to examine the regulation of leech on levels of triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) in blood lipid of rats. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) in serum was detected by ELISA.

Dissociation between affective experience and motivated behaviour in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives and schizotypal individuals.

Background: The neuropsychological origins of negative syndrome of schizophrenia remain elusive. Evidence from behavioural studies, which utilised emotion-inducing pictures to elicit motivated behaviour generally reported that that schizophrenia patients experienced similar affective experience as healthy individuals but failed to translate emotional salience to motivated behaviour, a phenomenon called emotion-behaviour decoupling. However, a few studies have examined emotion-behaviour decoupling in non-psychotic high-risk populations, who are relatively unaffected by medication effects.

Profiling of experiential pleasure, emotional regulation and emotion expression in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Emotion deficits may be the basis of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients and they are prevalent in these patients. However, inconsistent findings about emotion deficits in schizophrenia suggest that there may be subtypes.

Aim: The present study aimed to examine and profile experiential pleasure, emotional regulation and expression in patients with schizophrenia.

Grey matter reduction in the caudate nucleus in patients with persistent negative symptoms: An ALE meta-analysis.

Objectives: In the present study, we used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to quantitatively examine brain grey matter reduction in schizophrenia patients with persistent negative symptoms (PNS).

Method: A total of 12 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies were included in ALE meta-analysis using more stringent criterion of PNS.

Results: Significant grey matter reduction in the PNS group relative to controls was observed in the left caudate nucleus, the left precentral region, the left middle frontal region, the bilateral parahippocampal region, the left anterior cingulate region, the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, the thalamus and the insula.

Validation of the Chinese version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale.

Social anhedonia, the reduced capacity for social and interpersonal pleasure, often accompanies several forms of psychopathology. The goal of the present study was to validate the Chinese translation of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS), a promising new tool for the assessment of individual differences in social pleasure. The Chinese versions of the ACIPS, the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were administered to 389 nonclinical adults.

Evidence of structural invariance across three groups of Meehlian schizotypes.

According to Meehl's model of schizotypy, there is a latent personality organization associated with the diathesis for schizophrenia that can be identified in several ways. We sought to examine the structural invariance of four Chapman psychosis-proneness scales (CPPS) across three groups of putative schizotypes, namely, clinically-, biologically-, and psychometrically-identified schizotypes. We examined the factor structure of the Perceptual Aberration (PER), Magical Ideation (MIS), Revised Social Anhedonia (RSAS), and Revised Physical Anhedonia (RPAS) scales in 196 schizophrenia patients, 197 non-psychotic first-degree relatives, and 1,724 non-clinical young adults.