Importance: This paper highlights the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UAC) as a valuable biomarker for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. The UAC effectively distinguishes between healthy dogs and those with CKD, particularly in the early stages, and enhances diagnostic accuracy when used alongside other renal biomarkers.
Objective: To evaluate the utility of the UAC as a biomarker for early CKD diagnosis in dogs and examine its correlation with other renal biomarkers in a large-scale clinical study.