Cevanine-type steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don.

Eight previously undescribed cevanine-type steroidal alkaloids, cirrhosinones I-N and cirrhosinols A-B, along with five known analogs, were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.

[Effects of Wastewater Discharge on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Community in a Coastal Area].

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and microbial communities are key factors that affect the proliferation of ARGs. To reveal the effects of WWTPs effluent discharge on the ARGs and microbial community in a coastal area, the structure and distribution of ARGs, MGEs, and microbial community in Shangyu (SY) and Jiaxing (JX) effluent receiving areas (ERAs) and the offshore area of Hangzhou Bay (HB) were investigated via high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.

Steroidal alkaloids and their glycosides from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata.

Seven undescribed steroidal alkaloids, including two jervine-type steroidal alkaloids, fritiunibras A-B (1-2), and five cevanine-type steroidal alkaloid glycosides, fritiunibras C-G (3-7), along with six known cevanine-type steroidal alkaloids and their glycosides (8-13) were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia.

[Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants].

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are regarded as the main source for antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). To explore the features regarding the distribution of ARGs in wastewater with complicated composition in treatment plants, wastewater samples from a chemical industry park that produced antibiotics were selected. qPCR was applied to detect the type and abundance of ARGs in the wastewater flows from the WWTPs.

[Distribution and Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Two Sequential Wastewater Treatment Plants].

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been regarded as important point-sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. To investigate the distribution and removal of ARGs in WWTPs, a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant (PWWTP) and an integrated wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP) in a fine-chemical industrial park were chosen, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR techniques were used to determine the occurrence and abundances of ARGs along the treatment processes. Ten and fifteen ARGs were detected initially in the influents of PWWTP and IWWTP respectively, in which tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes were frequently reported, while was first reported in WWTPs.

Essential oil composition and larvicidal activity of Toddalia asiatica roots against the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).

The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal activity of the essential oil derived from roots of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. and the isolated constituents against the larvae of the Culicidae mosquito Aedes albopictus.

[Relationship between sewage treatment efficiency and bacterial community diversity in an A/O MBR].

An Anoxic/Oxic Membrane Bioreactor (A/O MBR) was used to treat sewage. Five different working conditions were run to determine the optimal process parameters. Bacterial community structures in both anoxic and oxic tanks were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Illicium pachyphyllum fruits against two grain storage insects.

The aim of this research was to determine chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Illicium pachyphyllum fruits against two grain storage insects, Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum, and to isolate any insecticidal constituents from the essential oil. The essential oil of I. pachyphyllum fruits was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS.

[Biodegradation and adsorption of bio-zeolite on pyridine and quinoline].

The study was to explore the treatment of pyridine, quinoline and their transformation product, NH(4+) -N, by the biodegradation and adsorption of a natural and a modified bio-zeolites. The experiment results demonstrated that the mixed bacteria on the bio-zeolites, a pyridine-degrading bacterium and a quinoline-degrading bacterium, could degrade pyridine and quinoline simultaneously. The NH(4+) -N transformed from pyridine and quinoline could be adsorbed by the natural and modified zeolites.

[Removal of pyridine using suspended and attached growing bacterium of Paracoccus denitrificans W12].

In this study, a pyridine-degrading bacterium, Paracoccus denitrifican W12, was isolated. It was cultivated to grow on the surface of activated bamboo charcoal (ABC) particles so that the ABC turned into biological activated bamboo charcoal (BABC) covered with biofilm of the W12. Free cells of the W12 and the BABC were separately tested in removing pyridine from aqueous solution.

[Isolation, identification, and biodegradation characteristics of a quinoline-degrading bacterium].

A bacterial strain BW003, which could utilize quinoline as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source, was isolated from the activated sludge in a coking wastewater treatment plant. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. Biodegradation experiments showed that the strain could degrade 192-911 mg/L of quinoline efficiently within 3-8 h, and the removal rates of quinoline were ranged from 96% to 98%.

[Biodegradation of pyridine by Shinella zoogloeoides BC026].

A bacterial strain BC026 capable of utilizing pyridine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from the activated sludge in a coking wastewater treatment plant. The bacterium featured flocculability and antibiotic resistance to kanamycin, ampicillin and spectinomycine. It could grow well in Ashby nitrogen free culture medium.

[Pilot experiment on the treatment of the river wastewater by a step-feed biological contact process].

In the Dianchi Lake watershed, the Daqinghe River with the highest load of pollution was chosen as the treatment target, a new step-feed biological contact (SFBC) process was studied to treat the wastewater from the riverway. The pilot experiment was carried out through a winter dry season, a spring dry season and a summer rainy season. The results showed that the SFBC process was well-adapted to the variation of the river wastewater qualities.

Control of bromate and THM precursors using ozonation combined system.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system.

Methods: The appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated.

Results: One mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water.

Reduction of precursors of chlorination by-products in drinking water using fluidized-bed biofilm reactor at low temperature.

Objective: To investigate the reduction of chlorination by-products (CBPs) precursors using the fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (FBBR).

Methods: Reduction of total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet absorbance (UV254), trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (THMFP), haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potential (HAAFP), and ammonia in FBBR were evaluated in detail. Results The reduction of TOC or UV254 was low, on average 12.

Biological pretreatment of Yellow River water.

Bio-ceramic filter(BF) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were used for biological pretreatment of Yellow River water in this study. The BF only had slight advantage over MBBR for TOC and ammonia removal. However, like UV254, the average removal rate of THMFP in the BF was much higher than that in the MBBR.