Self-harm in sexually abused adolescents: The role of posttraumatic symptoms, emotional impulsivity, and negative cognition.

Objective: Posttraumatic symptoms, emotional impulsivity, and negative cognition have been proposed as pathways in explaining why individuals have experienced trauma are at increased risk for self-harm. The present study examined whether emotional impulsivity (i.e.

Validation of a Korean Version of the Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children.

Objective: Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays an important role in various problem behaviors in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to validate a Korean version of the short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children.

Methods: Participants were 330 children (166 female) from 2 elementary schools in Korea and 94 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children (23 female) from two major hospitals.

One-year outcomes of deep brain stimulation in refractory Tourette syndrome.

Aim: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one option for treating refractory Tourette syndrome (TS); however, it remains unclear which preoperative factors are predictive of DBS outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy of DBS targeting the anteromedial globus pallidus internus and evaluated predisposing factors affecting the outcomes of DBS in a single center in Korea.

Method: Twenty patients who had undergone DBS for refractory TS were reviewed retrospectively.

One-year Cohort Follow-up on the Diagnosis and Posttraumatic Symptoms in Child Sexual Assault Victims in Korea.

Objective: The victims and their families of child sexual abuse (CSA) may confront persistent psychological sequela. We aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms, diagnosis, and family functions in children and adolescents with CSA.

Methods: We assessed the symptom scales at 6-month intervals, and conducted diagnostic re-assessments at 1-year intervals.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the child sexual behavior inventory (CSBI) for children under 10 years of age. Participants comprised a community sample (CS) of 652 children aged three to nine years and 226 sexually abused (SA) children in the same age range. Parents rated the CSBI, the child behavior checklist (CBCL), and the traumatic symptom checklist for young children (TSCYC).

Synaptic processes and immune-related pathways implicated in Tourette syndrome.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder of complex genetic architecture involving multiple interacting genes. Here, we sought to elucidate the pathways that underlie the neurobiology of the disorder through genome-wide analysis. We analyzed genome-wide genotypic data of 3581 individuals with TS and 7682 ancestry-matched controls and investigated associations of TS with sets of genes that are expressed in particular cell types and operate in specific neuronal and glial functions.

Increasing Trend and Characteristics of Korean Adolescents Presenting to Emergency Department for Self-Harm: A 5-Year Experience, 2015 to 2019.

Purpose: Emergency department (ED) is a common treatment setting for adolescents with clinically serious self-harm. Here, we investigated the clinical characteristics and trends of adolescents with self-harm who visited the ED in one Korean university hospital. We also compared patients with a single ED visit to those with multiple ED visits to identify the risk factor of repeated visits.

Comparison of the K-WISC-IV profiles of boys with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the intelligence profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (K-WISC-IV) scores to differentiate between their cognitive characteristics.

Methods: Subjects were boys with ASD (n = 49) and ADHD (n = 44). The index and subtest scores of the ASD and ADHD groups were compared using MANOVA.

Population-Based Epidemiology of Pediatric Patients with Treated Tic Disorders from Real-World Evidence in Korea.

Although tic disorder (TD) is a common mental disorder in children and adolescents, epidemiological data based on real-world evidence (RWE) are insufficient. Using RWE, this study sought to examine the prevalence of treated TD, use of medical utilization, and use of prescription drugs among patients with TD with respect to TD type and comorbid psychiatric illness. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Aberrant Neural Activation Underlying Idiom Comprehension in Korean Children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Impaired pragmatic language comprehension is a universal feature in individuals with ASD. However, the underlying neural basis of pragmatic language is poorly understood.

Nationwide Epidemiologic Study of Atypical Antipsychotic Use Among Pediatric Population with Mental Illness in Korea.

This population-based epidemiologic study aimed to analyze the prevalence and trends of atypical antipsychotic (AAP) use and identify factors associated with AAP prescribing among children and adolescents in Korea. Using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-Pediatric Patients Sample data between 2010 and 2014, we assessed the prevalence of and secular trends in AAP use; utilization of individual AAP drug based on the type of healthcare services, healthcare institutions, and health security programs; and factors associated with AAP use. The average annual prevalence of AAP use was 417 per 100,000 children and adolescents, which increased by 40% from 2010 to 2014.

Aftermath of Child Sexual Abuse in Children in Korea: Data from the Nation-Funded Sexual Violence Victim Protection Center for Children.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the 3-year mean periods aftermath of child sexual abuse and to compare the sexual violence victims regard to the treatment.

Methods: 682 sexual violence victims were recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, a nation-funded sexual violence victim protection center for children age 13, from 2004 to 2008. Data from 49 victims among 116 consented a follow-up, were analyzed.

Impaired White Matter Integrity and Social Cognition in High-Function Autism: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Objective: It is known that many of the cognitive and social deficits associated with autism can arise from abnormal functional connectivity between brain networks. This aberrant functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be explained by impaired integrity of white matter tracts that link distant regions of the networks.

Methods: We investigated white matter in 9 children with high-function autism (HFA) compared to 13 typically developing controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated with atypical antipsychotics: a population-based nested case-control study.

To examine the associations between atypical antipsychotic (AAP) exposure and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean pediatric patients with psychiatric disorders, we conducted a nested case-control study using the claims data of the National Health Insurance system of Korea between 2010 and 2014. A cohort of patients with psychiatric disorders was identified, and enrollment was taken as the date of the first psychiatric diagnosis. Cases involved patients with a diagnosis of T2DM or prescriptions for glucose lowering drugs after enrollment, and the identification of T2DM was defined as the index date.

The Relationship between the Polymorphism and Omission Errors in Korean Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa () genotype and performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) in Korean children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Eighty-seven children with ADHD (mean age, 9.23±1.

Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach.

Genetic studies in Tourette syndrome (TS) are characterized by scattered and poorly replicated findings. We aimed to replicate findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our cohort included 465 probands with chronic tic disorder (93% TS) and both parents from 412 families (some probands were siblings).

Factors Associated with Emotional Distress in Children and Adolescents during Early Treatment for Cancer.

Purpose: Children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer experience emotional distress, such as sadness, worrying, and irritability. However, there is little information about the psychological well-being of parents at the time of their child's diagnosis. We sought to identify factors that were associated with emotional distress in cancer patients as a basis for developing innovative psychological interventions.

Pre- and perinatal complications in relation to Tourette syndrome and co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Pre- and perinatal complications have been implicated in the onset and clinical expression of Tourette syndrome albeit with considerable inconsistencies across studies. Also, little is known about their role in co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with a tic disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal complications in relation to the presence and symptom severity of chronic tic disorder and co-occurring OCD and ADHD using data of 1113 participants from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics study.

Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The current treatment of choice for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is pharmacotherapy. A search for new treatment options is underway, however, as the wide application of drugs to the general population of patients with ADHD is limited by side effects and the variance of pharmacokinetic effects of the drugs in each patient. In the present study, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive treatment used in a number of other psychiatric disorders, to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an animal model of ADHD, in order to assess the efficacy of the treatment in modifying behavioural symptoms as well as levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

The effect of epilepsy on autistic symptom severity assessed by the social responsiveness scale in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: As the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in people with epilepsy ranges from 15 to 47 % (Clarke et al. in Epilepsia 46:1970-1977, 2005), it is speculated that there is a special relationship between the two disorders, yet there has been a lack of systematic studies comparing the behavioral phenotype between autistic individuals and autistic individuals with epilepsy. This study aims to investigate how the co-occurrence of epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects autistic characteristics assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), which has been used as a measure of autism symptoms in previous studies.

Neural responses to affective and cognitive theory of mind in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are characterized by an impaired Theory of Mind (ToM). Recent evidence suggested that two aspects of ToM (cognitive ToM versus affective ToM) are differentially impaired in individuals with ASD. In this study, we examined the neural correlates of cognitive and affective ToM in children and adolescents with ASD compared to typically developing children (TDCs).

Idiom Comprehension Deficits in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a Korean Autism Social Language Task.

Purpose: High-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves pragmatic impairment of language skills. Among numerous tasks for assessing pragmatic linguistic skills, idioms are important to evaluating high-functioning ASD. Nevertheless, no assessment tool has been developed with specific consideration of Korean culture.