Progress of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mitochondrial Transfer in Organ Injury Repair.

There has been an upsurge of interest in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) mitochondrial transfer as a potential therapeutic innovation in organ injury repair. Previous research mainly focused on its transfer routes and therapeutic effects. However, its intrinsic mechanism has not been well deciphered.

Dual-Site Chemosensor for Monitoring ·OH-Cysteine Redox in Cells and In Vivo.

The reaction between hydroxyl radical (OH) and cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in the redox balance of living cells. A deeper insight into this intracellular reaction modulation and process is necessary and draws great interest. A highly effective technique consists of the real-time visualization of the two bioactive species and the perception of their respective changes by using a fluorescent probe.

Connexin 43 Channels in Osteocytes Are Necessary for Bone Mass and Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Male Mice.

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (termed "Osteosarcopenia"), the twin-aging diseases, are major contributors to reduced bone mass and muscle weakness in the elderly population. Connexin 43 (Cx43) in osteocytes has been previously reported to play vital roles in bone homeostasis and muscle function in mature mice. The Cx43-formed gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) in osteocytes are important portals for the exchange of small molecules in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix, respectively.

Functional Heterogeneity of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations in Physiology and Pathology.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multi-potent cell populations and are capable of maintaining bone and body homeostasis. The stemness and potential therapeutic effect of BMSCs have been explored extensively in recent years. However, diverse cell surface antigens and complex gene expression of BMSCs have indicated that BMSCs represent heterogeneous populations, and the natural characteristics of BMSCs make it difficult to identify the specific subpopulations in pathological processes which are often obscured by bulk analysis of the total BMSCs.

Update on the effects of energy metabolism in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation.

Background: As common progenitor cells of osteoblasts and adipocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) play key roles in bone homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and global energy homeostasis; however, the intrinsic mechanism of BMSC differentiation is not well understood. Plasticity in energy metabolism allows BMSCs to match the divergent demands of osteo-adipogenic differentiation. Targeting BMSC metabolic pathways may provide a novel therapeutic perspective for BMSC differentiation unbalance related diseases.

Colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity based on pyridoxal phosphate-induced chromatic switch of polydiacetylene nano-liposomes.

A colorimetric assay based on polydiacetylenes (PDA) nano-liposomes is reported for facile and sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The critical basis of this method is that the interaction of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) with nitrogenous group functionalized PDA nano-liposomes induces distinct blue-to-red color changes of PDA nano-liposomes. In the presence of ALP, as a nature substrate, PLP is enzymatically hydrolyzed to form pyridoxal, which cannot interact with PDA nano-liposomes.

Primary Osteocyte Supernatants Metabolomic Profiling of Two Transgenic Mice With Connexin43 Dominant Negative Mutants.

Osteocytes could release some small molecules (≤ 1 kDa) through gap junctions and hemichannels to extracellular environment, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which play key roles in transferring signals between bone cells and other tissue cells. Connexin (Cx) 43 is the most abundant connexin in osteocytes. To further discover molecules released by osteocytes through Cx43 channels and better understand the regulatory function of Cx43 channels in osteocytes, we performed non-targeted global metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on conditioned medium collected from osteocytes isolated from two transgenic mouse models with Cx43 dominant negative mutants driven by a 10 kb-DMP1 promoter: R76W (gap junctions are blocked, whereas hemichannels are promoted) and Δ130-136 (both gap junctions and hemichannels are blocked).

Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis.

The nature of muscle-bone crosstalk has been historically considered to be only mechanical, where the muscle is the load applier while bone provides the attachment sites. However, this dogma has been challenged with the emerging notion that bone and muscle act as secretory endocrine organs affect the function of each other. Biochemical crosstalk occurs through myokines such as myostatin, irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and β-aminoisobutyric acid and through bone-derived factors including FGF23, prostaglandin E , transforming growth factor β, osteocalcin, and sclerostin.

Polydiacetylene liposomes with phenylboronic acid tags: a fluorescence turn-on sensor for sialic acid detection and cell-surface glycan imaging.

Sialic acid (SA) located at the terminal end of glycans on cell membranes has been shown to play an important yet distinctive role in various biological and pathological processes. Effective methods for the facile, sensitive and in situ analysis of SA on living cell surfaces are of great significance in terms of clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, a new polydiacetylene (PDA) liposome-based sensor system bearing phenylboronic acid (PBA) and 1,8-naphthalimide derived fluorophore moieties was developed as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for the detection of free SA in aqueous solution and the in situ imaging of SA-terminated glycans on living cell surfaces.

Fabrication of Polydiacetylene Liposome Chemosensor with Enhanced Fluorescent Self-Amplification and Its Application for Selective Detection of Cationic Surfactants.

Polydiacetylene (PDA) materials have been adopted as one of the powerful conjugated polymers for sensing applications due to their unique optical properties. In this paper, we present a new PDA liposome-based sensor system with enhanced fluorescent self-amplification by tuning a fluorophore fluorescence emission. In this system, a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative employed as a highly fluorescent fluorophore was incorporated into a PDA supermolecule.

Quantum dots modified with quaternized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) for selective recognition and killing of bacteria over mammalian cells.

Copper-free click chemistry has been used to graft quaternized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (QPA) modified with azide to the quantum dots (QDs) derived with dibenzocyclooctynes (DBCO). The success of the quaternary ammonium polymer-modified QDs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta (ζ) potential, size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The QPA-modified QDs exhibited properties of selective recognition and killing of bacteria.

Branched truxene and triindole compounds and their solid-state luminescent enhancement.

C3-symmetric truxene and triindole have been widely used to design the branched optoelectronic molecules. However, most of them exhibit high luminous efficiency in the solution and quenched luminescence in the solid state. Here, we respectively chose alkylated truxene and triindole as the central core, 2-methylphenyl as the peripheral functional groups to synthesize three branched compounds.

A TBET-based ratiometric probe for Au(3+) and its application in living cells.

In this paper, we designed and synthesized a novel TBET-based ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter, RH-Au, for Au(3+). It was found that the probe RH-Au displayed highly selective, sensitive and naked-eye detection upon the addition of Au(3+). The probe RH-Au can be used in the pH range 6.

Truxene-cored π-expanded triarylborane dyes as single- and two-photon fluorescent probes for fluoride.

Fluoride anion (F(-)) significantly affects chemical, biological, and environmental processes. Fluoride recognition and detection have received increasing attention. Convenient, effective, and sensitive fluorescent probes for F(-) should urgently be designed and synthesized.

Synthesis, characterization and activity evaluation of matrinic acid derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents.

A series of new matrinic acid derivatives 5a-e was synthesized. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The anti-tumor activities were also investigated in vitro by evaluating the effect of synthesized compounds on the proliferation of A375, A549, HeLa, and HepG2 cells.

Click synthesis of neutral, cationic, and zwitterionic poly(propargyl glycolide)-co-poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based aliphatic polyesters as antifouling biomaterials.

With the development of polymer-based biomaterials, aliphatic polyesters have attracted considerable interest because of their non-toxicity, non-allergenic property, and good biocompatibility. However, the hydrophobic nature and the lack of side chain functionalities of aliphatic polyesters limit their biomedical applications. In this study, we prepared four new polyesters: poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphotidylcholine)-, poly(ethylene glycol)-, and quaternized poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-grafted poly(propargyl glycolide)-co-poly(ɛ-caprolactone).

Nitrogen-containing apigenin analogs: preparation and biological activity.

A series of nitrogen-containing apigenin analogs 4a-j was synthesized via Mannich reactions to develop anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents from plant-derived flavonoids. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed using (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and ESI-MS. The in vitro biological activities of the analogs were evaluated via assays of their antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities.