Lever arm on bracket vs. lever arm on archwire: A 3D finite element method study of mechanics of miniscrew-supported lingual en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth.

Objective: To compare the deformation of the main archwire and 3D movements of maxillary anterior teeth during miniscrew-supported en-masse retraction with the lever arm on the archwire and on the brackets in lingual orthodontic treatment in finite element analysis (FEM) simulation.

Material And Methods: A 3D dental-alveolar model with bonded 0.018×0.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Bos taurus coreanae (Korean native cattle).

Korean native cattle is one of the famous native breeds in Korean. In the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Korean native cattle for the first time. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,339 bp with the base composition of 33.