Heyingwuzi formulation alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting mitophagy the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary cause of visual problems in patients with diabetes. The Heyingwuzi formulation (HYWZF) is effective against DR.

Aim: To determine the HYWZF prevention mechanisms, especially those underlying mitophagy.

Comprehensive investigation of differentially expressed ncRNAs, mRNAs, and their ceRNA networks in the regulation of shell color formation in clam, Cyclina sinensis.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their crucial roles in various biological processes. However, our understanding of the expression and functions of ncRNAs in Cyclina sinensis, an economically important marine bivalve, remains limited. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by systematically identifying ncRNAs in the mantles of C.

Function of taurine and its synthesis-related genes in hypertonic regulation of Sinonovacula constricta.

Salinity changes affect the osmotic gradient across the gill epithelium of marine species. Taurine is an important osmoregulator with a crucial role in osmoregulation in marine bivalves. This study determined the osmolality, taurine content, key enzymes involved in taurine synthesis (cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), and taurine transporter (TauT)) and related gene expression in razor clam Sinonovacula constricta in response to high salt stress [high salt seawater (S30) versus high salt seawater with taurine supplementation (S30T) versus natural salinity control].

Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Molecular Responses to Cold Stress in Coconut ( L.) Seedlings.

Coconut is an important tropical and subtropical fruit and oil crop severely affected by cold temperature, limiting its distribution and application. Thus, studying its low-temperature reaction mechanism is required to expand its cultivation range. We used growth morphology and physiological analyses to characterize the response of coconuts to 10, 20, and 30 d of low temperatures, combined with transcriptome and metabolome analysis.

Impacts of Thermal Drainage on Bacterial Diversity and Community Construction in Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant.

As one of the low-carbon and high-efficient energy sources, nuclear power is developing vigorously to alleviate the crisis of global climate warming and realize carbon neutrality goals. Meanwhile, the ecological effect of thermal drainage in the nuclear power plant is significantly remarkable, which environmental assessment system has not yet referred to microorganisms. The rapid response of microbial diversity and community structure to environmental changes is crucial for ecosystem stability.

Hu-Zhang Qing-Mai Formulation anti-oxidative stress alleviates diabetic retinopathy: Network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiment.

Background: In this study, the potential mechanism of the Hu-Zhang Qing-Mai Formulation (HZQMF) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in inhibiting oxidative stress was explored through network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiments.

Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Analysis Platform was used to retrieve the active pharmaceutical ingredients and targets of HZQMF. DR-related genes and oxidative stress-related genes were obtained from PharmGKB, TTD, OMIM, GeneCards, and Drugbank.

Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Cleaner Production of Diprotic Malic Acid: Separation Mechanism and Performance Evaluation.

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is a promising process for the cleaner production of organic acid. In this study, the separation mechanism of BMED with different cell configurations, i.e.

Abnormal Levels of Serum Ferroptosis-Related Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to measure the concentrations of ferroptosis-related biomarkers, namely, iron (Fe), lipid peroxide (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), and glutathione (GSH) in DR in the attempt to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers.

Methods: This study included 30 NPDR patients, 30 PDR patients, and 30 healthy subjects matched in age and sex. The concentrations of Fe, LPO, ROS, GPX4, and GSH in serum of the subjects were measured.

Mechanisms of Qing-Gan Li-Shui Formulation in Ameliorating Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: An Analysis Based on Network Pharmacology.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Qing-Gan Li-Shui formulation (QGLSF) in treating primary open glaucoma (POAG) by network pharmacology and experiments.

Methods: The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of GLQSF (prepared with vulgaris, Kudzu root, , and ) were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Yet Another Traditional Chinese Medicine database (YATCM). The targets of POAG were screened out with GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and DrugBank databases.

Pyrolysis of boron-crosslinked lignin: Influence on lignin softening and product properties.

In this study, ammonium borate was used as an additive to inhibit lignin softening during the pyrolysis process, and the influence on the pyrolysis process and product characteristics were investigated with potential mechanism being explored in depth. Results showed that with boron addition, glassy transition temperature and thermal stability of lignin increased, and the yield of gas and liquid decreased, while the content of CO, CO and H increased. Simultaneously, liquid oil showed higher content of simple phenols, especially the diphenols which the maximum reached 80% with 3%BN at 650 ℃, while the yield of heavy components (300 ∼ 400 Da) decreased.

Domain-Dependent Evolution Explains Functional Homology of Protostome and Deuterostome Complement C3-Like Proteins.

Complement proteins emerged early in evolution but outside the vertebrate clade they are poorly characterized. An evolutionary model of C3 family members revealed that in contrast to vertebrates the evolutionary trajectory of genes in cnidarian, protostomes and invertebrate deuterostomes was highly divergent due to independent lineage and species-specific duplications. The deduced and vertebrate C3, C4 and C5 proteins had low sequence conservation, but extraordinarily high structural conservation and 2-chain and 3-chain protein isoforms repeatedly emerged.

Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data to evaluate responses to hypersalinity stress in the gill of the razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta).

Salinity is an important ecological factor that affects physiological metabolism, survival, and distribution of marine organisms. Despite changes in the osmolarity and composition of the cytosol during salinity shifts, marine mollusks are able to maintain their metabolic function. The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) survives the wide range of salinity in the intertidal zone via changes in behavior and physiology.

Effects of acute ammonia exposure on antioxidant and detoxification metabolism in clam Cyclina sinensis.

To investigate the defensive strategies of clam Cyclina sinensis in response to environmental ammonia exposure, we investigate the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC-96 h) and the 96 h safe concentration (SC) of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) for C. sinensis, and on the basis we examined glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamine content, urea content and the antioxidant enzyme activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in 96 h at three different levels of TAN as 0 (control), 73.94 (T1) and 227.

RNAi-mediated knock-down of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene changes growth of razor clams.

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) plays an essential role in the synthesis of catecholamines (CA) in neuroendocrine networks. In the razor clam, Sinonovacula constricta a novel gene for DβH (ScDβH-α) was identified that belongs to the copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase family. Expression analysis revealed ScDβH-α gene transcripts were abundant in the liver and expressed throughout development.

Integrated mRNA and Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Regulatory Expression of Larval Metamorphosis of the Razor Clam.

The razor clam, Sinonovacula constricta, is an important economic marine shellfish, and its larval development involves obvious morphological and physiological changes. MicroRNA plays a key role in the physiological changes of the organism through regulating targeted mRNA. This study performed miRNA-mRNA sequencing for eight different developmental stages of S.

Chromosome-Level Clam Genome Helps Elucidate the Molecular Basis of Adaptation to a Buried Lifestyle.

Bivalve mollusks are economically important invertebrates that exhibit marked diversity in benthic lifestyle and provide valuable resources for understanding the molecular basis of adaptation to benthic life. In this report, we present a high-quality, chromosome-anchored reference genome of the Venus clam, Cyclina sinensis. The chromosome-level genome was assembled by Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time sequencing, Illumina paired-end sequencing, 10× Genomics, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies.

Comparative pyrolysis behaviors of stalk, wood and shell biomass: Correlation of cellulose crystallinity and reaction kinetics.

In this study, the pyrolysis process of 20 kinds of biomass samples in 3 types (stalk-type, wood-type and shell-type) was investigated with thermogravimetric analyzer, and the correlation of biomass pyrolysis property with biomass chemical structure was put forward. The results showed that the pyrolysis of the 20 kinds of biomass can be classified by types as the pyrolysis of stalk-type biomass had an overlapping decomposition peak of hemicellulose and cellulose at 317 °C. However, the pyrolysis of wood-type and shell-type biomass showed two separated peaks at low temperature and the cellulose peak was higher in wood-type biomass (365 °C) compared to shell-type biomass (348 °C).

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and its role in regulating the growth and larval metamorphosis in Sinonovacula constricta.

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) plays a key role in the synthesis of catecholamines (CAs) in the neuroendocrine regulatory network. The DβH gene was identified from the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta and referred to as ScDβH. The ScDβH gene is a copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase with a DOMON domain and two Cu2_monooxygen domains.

Fecal DNA isolation and degradation in clam Cyclina sinensis: noninvasive DNA isolation for conservation and genetic assessment.

Background: To avoid destructive sampling for conservation and genetic assessment, we isolated the DNA of clam Cyclina sinensis from their feces. DNA electrophoresis and PCR amplification were used to determine the quality of fecal DNA. And we analyzed the effects of different conditions on the degradation of feces and fecal DNA.

Comparative transcriptome reveals the potential modulation mechanisms of estradiol affecting ovarian development of female Portunus trituberculatus.

Estradiol is an important sex steroid hormone that is involved in the regulation of crustacean ovarian development. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of estradiol on ovarian development are largely unknown. This study performed transcriptome sequencing of ovary, hepatopancreas, brain ganglion, eyestalk, and mandibular organ of crabs after estradiol treatment (0.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of heat shock protein family 70 provides insight into its divergent functions on immune response and development of .

Flatfish undergo extreme morphological development and settle to a benthic in the adult stage, and are likely to be more susceptible to environmental stress. Heat shock proteins 70 () are involved in embryonic development and stress response in metazoan animals. However, the evolutionary history and functions of in flatfish are poorly understood.

Identification of a dopamine receptor in Sinonovacula constricta and its antioxidant responses.

The dopamine (DA) D2 receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptors of organisms and plays an important role in immune system regulation. The presence of DA receptors has been widely reported in vertebrates, but few studies have been conducted in shellfish. Here, we identified a novel DA-D2 receptor gene, ScDopR2-1, in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta.

Complement factor B/C2 in molluscs regulates agglutination and illuminates evolution of the Bf/C2 family.

Complement factor B/C2 family (Bf/C2F) proteins are core complement system components in vertebrates that are absent in invertebrates and have been lost by numerous species, raising evolutionary questions. At least 3 duplication events have occurred from Cnidaria (ancestor) to mammals. Type II Bf/C2 genes appeared during separation of Proterostomia and Deuterostomes.

Tolerance, Growth, and Physiological Responses of the Juvenile Razor Clam () to Environmental Ca and Mg Concentrations.

To facilitate transplanting razor clam () populations to inland saline-alkaline waters (ISWs), we evaluated the tolerance of juvenile (JSC) to Ca and Mg concentrations, and determined the effects of these ions on JSC growth and physiological parameters. After 30 days stress, the tolerable ranges of JSC to Ca and Mg were determined to be 0.19 mmol⋅L-19.

Pyrolysis of Chinese chestnut shells: Effects of temperature and Fe presence on product composition.

To understand the role of Fe on biomass pyrolysis, Fe-catalyzed biomass pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. It was found that the introduction of Fe increased the yields of gases and solid char while decreasing the yield of liquid oil. With increasing temperature, Hydrogen content in gaseous products obtained in the presence of Fe increased, while that of CH decreased.