The first report of prostacyclin and its physiological roles in insects.

Prostaglandins (PGs) mediate physiological processes of insects as well as mammals. Prostaglandin I (PGI) is a relatively well-known eicosanoid with potent hormone-like actions on various tissues of vertebrates, however, its presence and biosynthetic pathway have not been described in insects. This study demonstrated that fat bodies of the lepidopteran species, Spodoptera exigua, contained ~ 3.

Food deserts in Korea? A GIS analysis of food consumption patterns at sub-district level in Seoul using the KNHANES 2008-2012 data.

Background/objectives: The concept of "food deserts" has been widely used in Western countries as a framework to identify areas with constrained access to fresh and nutritious foods, providing guidelines for targeted nutrition and public health programs. Unlike the vast amount of literature on food deserts in a Western context, only a few studies have addressed the concept in an East Asian context, and none of them have investigated spatial patterns of unhealthy food consumption from a South Korean perspective.

Subjects/methods: We first evaluated the applicability of food deserts in a Korean setting and identified four Korean-specific unhealthy food consumption indicators, including insufficient food consumption due to financial difficulty, limited consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive consumption of junk food, and excessive consumption of instant noodles.

Diagnostic validity of alternative manual stress radiographic technique detecting subtalar instability with concomitant ankle instability.

Purpose: To incorporate a diagnostic technique for measuring subtalar motion, namely "talar rotation", into the manual supination-anterior drawer stress radiographs for evaluation of the severity of rotational instability, and to determine its clinical relevance.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with combined injuries of the anterior talofibular (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) underwent three bilateral manual stress radiographs, and mean increments of anterior talar translation (mm), talar tilt (°), and talar rotation (%) in the injured ankle compared to the normal opposite side were measured with the technique. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of each measure was assessed, and the difference in the degree of increments was compared according to the presence of additional cervical ligament insufficiency.

Comparative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cross-Sectional Area of Anatomic Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Grafts and the Contralateral Uninjured Knee.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences between cross-sectional area of the reconstructed graft by 2 anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction techniques, transportal and outside-in and contralateral uninjured knee.

Methods: In prospective, randomized controlled trials, magnetic resonance imaging of both the reconstructed anatomic double-bundle ACL graft side and the contralateral uninjured knee of 92 patients (mean age, 34.7 ± 10.