Antagonistic effects of endophytic fungi from pedicels on yeasts: implications for antimicrobial mechanism of nectar.

Endophytic fungi are extensive in plant tissues and involved in the defense against stress from harmful microbes. The interaction between pedicel endophytic fungi and nectar yeasts is critical for maintaining nectar homeostasis. This study used as the research subject.

Endophytic bacteria in pedicels: isolation, screening and analysis of antagonistic activity against nectar yeasts.

, an ancient plant species endemic to Yunnan Province, China, remains underexplored in terms of its endophytic bacterial communities. The plant tissue pedicel serves as the connection between the flower and the stem, not only delivers nutrients but also transmits metabolic substances from endophytic bacteria to the nectar during long-term microbial colonization and probably improves the antagonistic activity of nectar against yeast. Hence, 138 isolates of endophytic bacteria have been isolated in this study from the pedicels of 12- and 60-year-old .

Circadian disruption promotes the neurotoxicity of oligomeric alpha-synuclein in mice.

Circadian disruption often arises prior to the onset of typical motor deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear whether such a prevalent non-motor manifestation would contribute to the progression of PD. Diffusible oligomeric alpha-synuclein (O-αSyn) is perceived as the most toxic and rapid-transmitted species in the early stages of PD.

Understanding the mechanisms behind the antibacterial activity of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles against sulfate-reducing bacteria in sediments.

Nanomaterials, with their small size, surface characteristics, and antibacterial properties, are extensively employed across environmental, energy, biomedical, agricultural, and other industries. This study examined the antibacterial efficacy of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) nanoparticles (NPs) against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within sediments. The inhibitory effects of two types of Mg(OH) NPs with distinct particle sizes (20.

Multi-omics analysis reveals regime shifts in the gastrointestinal ecosystem in chickens following anticoccidial vaccination and challenge.

Coccidiosis, caused by parasites, significantly impacts poultry farm economics and animal welfare. Beyond its direct impact on health, infection disrupts enteric microbial populations leading to dysbiosis and increases vulnerability to secondary diseases such as necrotic enteritis, caused by . The impact of infection or anticoccidial vaccination on host gastrointestinal phenotypes and enteric microbiota remains understudied.

miRNA expression signatures induced by pasteurella multocida infection in goats lung.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are involved in bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we investigated the function of miRNAs in the regulation of host responses to Pasteurella multocida infection. Using next-generation sequencing, we analyzed miRNA expression pattern and identified differentially expressed miRNAs in Pasteurella multocida-infected goat lungs.

Genome-wide variation study and inter-tissue communication analysis unveil regulatory mechanisms of egg-laying performance in chickens.

Egg-laying performance is of great economic importance in poultry, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are still elusive. In this work, we conduct a multi-omics and multi-tissue integrative study in hens with distinct egg production, to detect the hub candidate genes and construct hub molecular networks contributing to egg-laying phenotypic differences. We identifiy three hub candidate genes as egg-laying facilitators: TFPI2, which promotes the GnRH secretion in hypothalamic neuron cells; CAMK2D, which promotes the FSHβ and LHβ secretion in pituitary cells; and OSTN, which promotes granulosa cell proliferation and the synthesis of sex steroid hormones.

Electrothermally-Driven Ultrafast Chemical Modulation of Multifunctional Nanocarbon Aerogels.

Ultrahigh-temperature Joule-heating of carbon nanostructures opens up unique opportunities for property enhancements and expanded applications. This study employs rapid electrical Joule-heating at ultrahigh temperatures (up to 3000 K within 60 s) to induce a transformation in nanocarbon aerogels, resulting in highly graphitic structures. These aerogels function as versatile platforms for synthesizing customizable metal oxide nanoparticles while significantly reducing carbon emissions compared to conventional furnace heating methods.

A multi-mode stretching apparatus for in situ synchrotron x-ray scattering of polymer materials.

A compact and versatile tensile apparatus for polymer materials is designed and fabricated. Three distinct stretching modes are developed: constant speed, cyclic, and sinusoidal, with adjustable speeds ranging from 0.001 to 120 mm/s.

Unravelling High Water Vapor-Induced Inhibitory Effects on Pt/CoO Catalysts toward Benzene Oxidation.

Water vapor inevitably exists in the environment, which causes adverse impacts on many crucial chemical reactions. However, high water vapor of up to 10 vol %─relevant to a broad spectrum of industrial practices-for catalytic implications has been less investigated or neglected. As such, we explored an industry-relevant, humidity-highly sensitive benzene oxidation only in the presence of 10 vol % water vapor using the well-established Pt/CoO catalysts, to bring such an important yet ignored topic to the forefront.

GBA-AAV mitigates sleep disruptions and motor deficits in mice with REM sleep behavior disorder.

Sleep disturbances, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia, are common non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known about the underlying mechanisms, partly due to the inability of current rodent models to adequately mimic the human PD sleep phenotype. Clinically, increasing studies have reported that variants of the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) increase the risk of PD.

Remodeling of intestinal bacterial community and metabolome of Dezhou donkey induced by corn silage.

Corn silage can usually improve the growth performance and the meat quality of ruminants, and subsequently increase the economic benefits of farming. However, little is known about the effects of corn silage on donkeys. This experiment investigated the effects of corn silage on the weight gain, gut microbiota and metabolites of Dezhou donkeys.

Influence of Immersion Time on the Frequency Domain Characteristics of Acoustic Emission Signals in Clayey Mineral Rocks.

The frequency domain characteristics of acoustic emission can reflect issues such as rock structure and stress conditions that are difficult to analyze in time domain parameters. Studying the influence of immersion time on the mechanical properties and acoustic emission frequency domain characteristics of muddy mineral rocks is of great significance for comprehensively analyzing rock changes under water-rock coupling conditions. In this study, uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests were conducted on sandstones containing montmorillonite under dry, saturated, and different immersion time conditions, with a focus on analyzing the effect of immersion time on the dominant frequency of rock acoustic emission.

Recent advances in the radical cascade reaction for constructing nitrogen heterocycles using azides as radical acceptors.

Due to the high conversion properties, azide compounds are widely utilized in organic synthesis. For instance, azide compounds readily release nitrogen to form a new N-C bond when they function as radical acceptors for the active intermediates in the reaction. Over the past decade, strategies employing azides as radical acceptors to construct nitrogen heterocycles have been extensively developed.

Engineering nanoparticles-enabled tumor-associated macrophages repolarization and phagocytosis restoration for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and recently, have attracted intensive attention for cancer treatment. However, concurrently to promote TAMs repolarization and phagocytosis of cancer cells remains challenging. Here, a TAMs-targeted albumin nanoparticles-based delivery system (M@SINPs) was constructed for the co-delivery of photosensitizer IR820 and SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 to potentiate macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy.

A Novel Murine Model for Lupus-Like Ocular Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Purpose: Lupus-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) has been previously described, but the ocular findings have not been elucidated. Recipient mice in a lupus-like cGVHD model manifested notable and persistent ocular surface phenotypes. Herein, we further explored immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying these ocular phenotypes.

Drivers and Pathways for the Recovery of Critical Metals from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards.

The ever-increasing importance of critical metals (CMs) in modern society underscores their resource security and circularity. Waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are particularly attractive reservoirs of CMs due to their gamut CM embedding and ubiquitous presence. However, the recovery of most CMs is out of reach from current metal-centric recycling industries, resulting in a flood loss of refined CMs.

Large-scale statistical analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome sequences identifies compensatory mutations associated with multi-drug resistance.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has a significant impact on global health worldwide. The development of multi-drug resistant strains that are resistant to the first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampicin threatens public health security. Rifampicin and isoniazid resistance are largely underpinned by mutations in rpoB and katG respectively and are associated with fitness costs.