A New Perspective to Understand the Late Season Abundance of (Diptera: Anthomyiidae): A Modeling Approach for the Hot Summer Effect.

The onion maggot, (Meigen), is one of the most important insect pests to agricultural crops within genus, such as onions and garlic, worldwide. This study was conducted to understand the seasonal abundance of this pest, with special reference to the hot summer effect (HSE), which was incorporated into the model of summer diapause termination (SDT). We assumed that hot summer temperatures arrested the development of pupae during summer diapause.

Temperature-dependent development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at constant temperatures: instar pathways and stage transition models with semifield validation.

Temperature-dependent development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüber) fed with an artificial diet was studied at different temperatures. The instar pathway (IPW) defined as the number of instars prior to pupation significantly affected larval development time, with higher IPW leading to longer larval development time. The IPW was determined at the fifth instar to proceed to 6-7 IPW, when the development time of fifth instar was largely shortened.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Associated with Common Genetic Variants and Limited Rare Variants.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, irreversible, and progressive disease of the lungs. Common genetic variants, in addition to nongenetic factors, have been consistently associated with IPF. Rare variants identified by candidate gene, family-based, and exome studies have also been reported to associate with IPF.

Subspecific Synonym of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Population Genetics and Morphological Reassessment.

Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842, is a major forest pest that hosts the pathogenic pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle 1970. Taxonomically, M. alternatus is currently divided into two subspecies, based on morphology and geography: Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope, 1842 in China, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, and Laos and Monochamus alternatus endai Makihara, 2004 in South Korea and Japan.

Fecundity and Longevity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Constant Temperatures and Development of an Oviposition Model.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a notorious invasive pest native to subtropical and tropical regions in the Western Hemisphere.

Sex, males, and hermaphrodites in the scale insect Icerya purchasi.

Androdioecy (the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites) is a rare mating system for which the evolutionary dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, one of only three reported cases of androdioecy in insects. In this species, female-like hermaphrodites have been shown to produce sperm and self-fertilize.

Longitudinal Changes in Clinical Features, Management, and Outcomes of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Nationwide Cohort Study.

In recent decades, diagnosis and treatment recommendations for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have changed. In Korea, the average life expectancy has increased, unmet healthcare needs have been reduced, and the number of computed tomographic examinations performed has nearly doubled. The Korean Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group conducted a nationwide cohort study for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, including IPF, and established a registry for IPF.

A new direction to understand the life cycle of the Japanese pine sawyer considering the selection strategy of instar pathways.

The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), transfers the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) that causes pine wilt disease (PWD), especially in Asian countries. The key for the control of PWD is primarily focused on vector management. Thus, understanding the exact life history of M.

Resequencing Study Confirms That Host Defense and Cell Senescence Gene Variants Contribute to the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Several common and rare genetic variants have been associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive fibrotic condition that is localized to the lung. To develop an integrated understanding of the rare and common variants located in multiple loci that have been reported to contribute to the risk of disease. We performed deep targeted resequencing (3.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Part 2. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, which presents with a progressive worsening dyspnea, and thus a poor outcome. The members of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases as well as the participating members of the Korea Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group drafted this clinical practice guideline for IPF management. This guideline includes a wide range of topics, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and acute exacerbation of IPF in Korea.

The Developmental Characteristics for the Head Capsule Width of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Larvae and Determination of the Number of Instars.

The objective of this study was to determine the number of instars of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae by comparing their head capsule widths (HCW) published in previous studies, as well as additional laboratory experiments. Larvae of M. alternatus showed repeated molting in the laboratory.

Efficacy and safety of low-dose Sirolimus in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease caused by unregulated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Sirolimus showed efficacy in a phase 3 trial of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis, but the optimal dose remains unclear.

Methods: We investigated the efficacy and safety of low-dose compared with conventional-dose sirolimus.

Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Phase 3 trials have shown that nintedanib reduces the decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with acceptable safety profiles; however, its effects on advanced IPF are unclear. We investigated the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with advanced IPF.

Methods: Prospective data were obtained from 108 IPF patients administered at least one dose of nintedanib.

Efficacy and Safety of Pirfenidone in Advanced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background: Although phase 3 trials showed significant efficacy and acceptable safety profiles for pirfenidone in mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), data on advanced IPF are limited.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in advanced IPF patients.

Methods: The clinical data of 138 IPF patients (advanced group: 27%) treated with pirfenidone were retrospectively reviewed and compared between advanced and non-advanced groups.

Effects of emphysema on physiological and prognostic characteristics of lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background And Objective: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is characterized by preserved lung volume and slower lung function decline. However, it is unclear at what extent emphysema begins to impact respiratory physiology and prognostic characteristics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We estimated the extent of emphysema that could be used to define CPFE in IPF.

Fecundity and Egg Laying in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Model Development and Field Validation.

Models can be useful to help understand population dynamics of insects under diverse environmental conditions and in developing strategies to better manage pest species. Adult longevity and fecundity of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were evaluated against a wide range of constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 37.5°C).

Comparison of CPI and GAP models in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide cohort study.

The clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is difficult to predict, partly owing to its heterogeneity. Composite physiologic index (CPI) and gender-age-physiology (GAP) models are easy-to-use predictors of IPF progression. This study aimed to compare the predictive values of these two models.

Prevalence and Effects of Emphysema in Never-Smokers with Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease.

Aims: Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) have been linked to the existence of emphysema in never-smokers. We aimed to quantify emphysema prevalence in RA-ILD never-smokers and investigate whether combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) results in a worsened prognosis independent of baseline disease extent.

Methods: RA-ILD patients presenting to the Royal Brompton Hospital (n=90) and Asan Medical Center (n=155) had CT's evaluated for a definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, and visual extents of emphysema and ILD.

Factors affecting treatment outcome in patients with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The effects of corticosteroid-based therapy in patients with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP), and factors affecting treatment outcome, are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the long-term treatment response and factors affecting the treatment outcome in iNSIP patients from a multi-center study in Korea.

Methods: The Korean interstitial lung disease (ILD) Study Group surveyed ILD patients from 2003 to 2007.

Clinical significance of cigarette smoking and dust exposure in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a Korean national survey.

Background: This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of Korean PAP patients and to examine the potential risk factors of PAP.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 78 Korean PAP patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2014. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence/absence of treatment (lavage).

Sleep problems in children and adolescents at pediatric clinics.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of childhood sleep problems at pediatric clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces.

Methods: Children (n=936) and their parents who visited 5 primary and 1 secondary pediatric outpatient clinics were invited to complete a Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire.

Results: Among patients, 901 (96.

Acute exacerbations in the INPULSIS trials of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Time to first investigator-reported acute exacerbation was a key secondary end-point in the INPULSIS trials of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).We used the INPULSIS trial data to investigate risk factors for acute exacerbation of IPF and to explore the impact of nintedanib on risk and outcome of investigator-reported and adjudicated confirmed/suspected acute exacerbations. Mortality following these events and events adjudicated as not acute exacerbations was analysed using the log rank test.

The performance of the GAP model in patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Similarities have been observed between patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the UIP (usual interstitial pneumonia) form of RA-ILD. The GAP (gender, age, physiology) model has been shown to predict mortality in patients with IPF, but its ability to predict mortality in RA-ILD is not known.

Changes in the respiratory microbiome during acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) have been defined as events of clinically significant respiratory deterioration with an unidentifiable cause. They carry a significant mortality and morbidity and while their exact pathogenesis remains unclear, the possibility remains that hidden infection may play a role. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether changes in the respiratory microbiota occur during an AE-IPF.