Endometrial cancer detected unusually after an ankle fracture secondary to severe anemia in an obese woman with heavy menstrual bleeding: A case report.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a growing public health concern in developed countries. The incidence of EC is increasing, particularly in younger women (aged <50 years). Ankle fractures are relatively common orthopedic injuries, with the most common mechanisms being falls or trauma.

Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α-Dependent Mitochondrial Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), including PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, are involved in various cellular responses, including metabolism and cell proliferation. Increasing evidence suggests that PPARs are closely associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the exact role of PPARs in energy metabolism and cancer stem cell (CSC) proliferation remains unclear.

Transcriptome analysis of the effect of HERV-K env gene knockout in ovarian cancer cell lines.

Background: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, particularly cancers. Previous investigations from our group demonstrated that targeted knockout (KO) of the HERV-K env gene led to a significant reduction in tumorigenic attributes, including proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of HERV-K env KO on gene expression in ovarian cancer cell lines through comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis with two distinct HERV-K env KO ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and OVCAR3.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis masquerading as lung metastasis in gynecologic cancers: Two case reports.

Rationale: Pulmonary cryptococcal infections occur mainly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with malignancies. Preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) can be challenging for both clinicians and radiologists because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and variable radiologic features, as it is easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer.

Patient Concerns: In case 1, a 76-year-old woman with a history of cervical cancer presented with lung nodules detected on chest computed tomography (CT) 13 months after completing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Preoperative Haematologic Markers for the Differentiation of Endometrial Cancer from Benign Endometrial Lesions in Postmenopausal Patients with Endometrial Masses.

Purpose: The diagnostic value of preoperative hematological changes in endometrial cancer (EC) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the role of preoperative hematologic parameters in differentiating EC from benign endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women with endometrial masses.

Methods: Preoperative laboratory variables were retrospectively reviewed in patients with malignant or benign endometrial lesions, and the significance of intergroup differences was assessed.

Evaluation of endometrial thickness in breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment - Difference between 2-dimensional ultrasonography and elastosonography.

Objective: This study aimed to confirm the clinical significance of elastographic endometrium measurement in comparison with conventional ultrasonography for tamoxifen users with breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 98 women receiving tamoxifen as postoperative breast cancer treatment were included. Patient medical charts were reviewed, and related medical, obstetric, and gynecological information and histories relevant to breast cancer were evaluated.

Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fractions Are Comparable With Allogenic Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Supplementary Strategy of High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus Knee Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To compare the clinical, radiologic, and second-look arthroscopic outcomes of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with stromal vascular fraction (SVF) implantation versus human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) transplantation and identify the association between cartilage regeneration and HTO outcomes.

Methods: Patients treated with HTO for varus knee osteoarthritis between March 2018 and September 2020 were retrospectively identified. In this retrospective study, among 183 patients treated with HTO for varus knee osteoarthritis between March 2018 and September 2020, patients treated with HTO with SVF implantation (SVF group; n = 25) were pair-matched based on sex, age, and lesion size with those who underwent HTO with hUCB-MSC transplantation (hUCB-MSC group; n = 25).

Arthroscopic Implantation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Improves Cartilage Regeneration and Pain Relief in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To compare the pain relief and cartilage repair status of patients with knee osteoarthritis who received arthroscopic treatment with or without stromal vascular fraction (SVF) implantation.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the patients who were examined with 12-month follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after arthroscopic treatment for knee osteoarthritis from September 2019 to April 2021. Patients were included in this study if they had grade 3 or 4 knee osteoarthritis according to the Outerbridge classification in MRI.

Cartilage lesion size and number of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells strongly influenced the SVF implantation outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: This study evaluated outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis following stromal vascular fraction implantation and assessed the associated prognostic factors.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 43 patients who underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging 12 months after stromal vascular fraction implantation for knee osteoarthritis. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale and measured at baseline and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up appointments.

Validation of multi-gene panel next-generation sequencing for the detection of BRCA mutation in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded epithelial ovarian cancer tissues.

Objective: The therapeutic effect of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with somatic BRCA mutations is consistent with that observed in patients with germline BRCA mutations, indicating the importance of detecting both germline and somatic BRCA mutations concurrently. We compared the efficacy of multi-gene panel next generation sequencing (NGS) in EOC patients' formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue to that of conventional Sanger sequencing in blood samples.

Materials And Methods: This study included 48 patients with EOC, and both blood Sanger sequencing and FFPE tissue NGS were conducted in all of them.

The Discrepancy between Preoperative Tumor Markers and Imaging Outcomes in Predicting Ovarian Malignancy.

Preoperative tumor markers and imaging often differ in predicting whether an ovarian tumor is malignant. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between the predictive values of imaging and tumor markers for diagnosing ovarian tumors, especially when there were discrepancies between the two. We enrolled 1047 patients with ovarian tumors.

A fertility-sparing surgery in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas of the uterine cervix: A case report.

Introduction: A poorly differentiated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the cervix is an extremely rare presentation. We herein present an unusual case of LELC of the cervix, which was treated with radical trachelectomy for fertility preservation.

Patient Concerns: A 28-year-old female patient presented with a 1-month-history of post-coital vaginal bleeding, and a 2 cm tumor was found on gynecological sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

MicroRNA-dependent inhibition of WEE1 controls cancer stem-like characteristics and malignant behavior in ovarian cancer.

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been suggested to be responsible for chemoresistance and tumor recurrence owing to their self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Although WEE1 is a strong candidate target for anticancer therapies, its role in ovarian CSCs is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that WEE1 plays a key role in regulating CSC properties and tumor resistance to carboplatin via a microRNA-dependent mechanism.

Inhibition of MEK-ERK pathway enhances oncolytic vaccinia virus replication in doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer.

Oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) has been reported to induce cell death in various types of cancer; however, the oncolytic activity of OVV in drug-resistant ovarian cancer remains limited. In the present study, we established doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer cells (A2780-R) from the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. Both A2780 and A2780-R cells were infected with OVV to explore its anticancer effects.

Spontaneous reduction of transvaginal small bowel evisceration after abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer: A case report.

Rationale: Transvaginal evisceration of the small bowel is an extremely rare condition after hysterectomy, which requires urgent surgical intervention to prevent serious bowel morbidity and mortality.

Patient Concerns: A 65-year-old woman presented with sudden-onset severe abdominal pain and a mass protruding through the vagina. The past surgical history was significant, with an abdominal hysterectomy for cervical cancer performed 11 weeks prior to presentation.

Plasma-activated medium inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties and exhibits a synergistic effect in combination with cisplatin in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been implicated in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the antitumor effect of plasma-activated medium (PAM) in various carcinomas, including ovarian cancer. Thus, PAM represents a novel onco-therapeutic strategy.

Successful treatment of locally advanced bulky cervical cancer complicated by irreducible complete uterine prolapse: A case report.

Rationale: Cervical cancer complicated by irreducible complete uterine prolapse in elderly patients is extremely rare. No standard treatment has been established for these conditions.

Patient Concerns: A 74-year-old woman with a 30-year history of pelvic organ prolapse presented with irreducible complete uterine prolapse and a large exophytic mass involving the cervix and vaginal wall.

Prognostic factors of oncologic outcomes after fertility-preservative management with progestin in early-stage of endometrial cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of various fertility-preservative treatments with progestin and analyze prognostic factors in Stage 1A of endometrial cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study involved four Korean university hospitals. Data were collected from 43 women who were under the age of 40 with presumed stage IA endometrial cancer determined by magnetic resonance imaging and treated from January 2014 to December 2017.

Preoperative Blood Inflammatory Markers for the Differentiation of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma from Leiomyoma.

Purpose: Preoperative diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is challenging because the disease can mimic benign leiomyoma (LM). The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of preoperative clinical characteristics and hematologic parameters to differentiate uterine LMS and LM.

Methods: Preoperative clinical and laboratory variables were reviewed retrospectively in patients with LMS or LM, and the significances of intergroup differences were assessed.

Intra-Articular Atelocollagen Injection for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects in Rabbit Model.

Background: Atelocollagen is widely recognized as a biomaterial for regenerative medicine because of its good compatibility and low antigenicity. Injury of the outermost layer of articular cartilage, known as the lamina splendens, can lead to osteoarthritis (OA) and eventually full-thickness cartilage loss. The intra-articular injection of atelocollagen has been designed to restore the cartilage layer and cartilage defects in OA joints.

Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells.

Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological malignancy. Although first-line chemotherapy and surgical operation are effective treatments for ovarian cancer, its clinical management remains a challenge owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance and relapse at local or distal lesions. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells inside tumor tissues, and they can self-renew and differentiate.

Absent or impaired rectoanal inhibitory reflex as a diagnostic factor for high-grade (grade III-V) rectal prolapse: a retrospective study.

Background: Clinically diagnosing high-grade (III-V) rectal prolapse might be difficult, and the prolapse can often be overlooked. Even though defecography is the significant diagnostic tool for rectal prolapse, it is noticed that rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) can be associated with rectal prolapse. This study investigated whether RAIR can be used as a diagnostic factor for rectal prolapse.

Factors Influencing Clinical and MRI Outcomes of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation With Concomitant High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: Cartilage repair procedures using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can provide superior cartilage regeneration in the medial compartment of the knee joint when high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is performed for varus knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, few studies have reported the factors influencing the outcomes of MSC implantation with concomitant HTO.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of MSC implantation with concomitant HTO and to identify the prognostic factors that are associated with the outcomes.